Healthy Brain Aging: Effect of Head Injury, Alcohol and Environmental Toxins

Kumar, Vikas; Kinsella, Laurence J.

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2009.12.006

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The impact of alcohol on risk of dementia appears to depend on level of intake, with low intake being somewhat protective and large doses increasing risk. 52 Studies evaluating the relationship between alcohol and hip fractures have been inconsistent, with several showing an increased risk with higher intake and others showing no relationship. 37 Individuals with alcoholism often have low bone mass, which may be nutritionally mediated.…”

Section: Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia and Hip Fractures

Friedman

Menzies

Bukata

et al. 2010

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil

112

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Dementia and hip fractures are 2 conditions that are seen primarily in older adults, and both are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. An individual with dementia is up to 3 times more likely than a cognitively intact older adult to sustain a hip fracture. This may occur via several mechanisms, including (1) risk factors that are common to both outcomes; (2) the presence of dementia increasing hip fracture incidence via intermediate risk factors, such as falls, osteoporosis, and vitamin D; and (3) treatment of dementia causing side effects that increase hip fracture risk. We describe a model that applies these 3 mechanisms to explain the relationship between dementia and hip fractures. Comprehensive understanding of these pathways and their relative influence on the outcome of hip fracture will guide the development of effective interventions and potentially improve prevention efforts.

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Section: Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia and Hip Fractures

Friedman

Menzies

Bukata

et al. 2010

Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil

112

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“…21 Smoking and F I G U R E 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curve for patients with dementia after surgery for femoral neck fracture high levels of alcohol intake are also common risk factors affecting both dementia and hip fractures. 22,23 Both habits causes a reduction in the bone mass leading to hip fractures. 23,24 There is also a strong association between dementia, hip fractures and the presence of the APOE 4 gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preexisting dementia is associated with higher mortality rate in patients with femoral neck fracture

et al. 2021

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Objective This study aimed to assess the mortality and the influence of age, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) scores, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades on patients with dementia and femoral neck fracture (FNF) at 30 days, 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years after undergoing surgery. Methods Of 1296 patients admitted with FNF, 180 had had prefracture dementia. A retrospective study of these 180 patients was carried out. The patient demographics, including age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), lipid profile, AMT score, preoperative comorbidities, ASA grade, and incidence of postoperative delirium, were documented. Results A total of 113 patients (62.8%) died postoperatively. The mortality rate was 17.7% (20 patients) at 30 days, 54.9% (62 patients) at 4 months, 77.9% (88 patients) at 1 year, and 87.6% (99 patients) at 2 years. The mortally rate in dementia with FNF was three times higher than that in FNF without dementia and was independent of age, ASA grades, DM, lipid profile, AMT scores, and development of postoperative delirium. Conclusions Dementia should be a principal predictive factor in mortality of FNF and should be a key determinant in all frailty scores.

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“…Over the years, a number of studies have focused on the role of environmental toxins in AD but have not been able to link the two. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Previous studies have examined the role of heavy metals in the AD. [43][44][45][46] For years, we have known that heavy metals affect brain development resulting in abnormalities that persist throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of chlorpyrifos oxon on the development and progression of Alzheimer′s disease in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice

Yu¹,

Zhu²,

Bhat³

et al. 2015

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder and the most common form of dementia. Until date, the cause of AD eludes us, but a number of hypotheses have been put forward to try and understand the mechanisms involved. A series of studies have indicated that environmental factors, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and others can contribute to the development and progression of AD. Based on these data, we determined the impact of pesticides (chlorpyrifos oxon [CPO]) on AD-like pathogenesis in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. Methods: APP mice were treated at various times with low-dose CPO (1 mg/kg/day), in utero (3-week of gestation), during lactation (3-week), or as young adults (continuous dosing). Results: Exposure to CPO at all times enhanced neuro-inflammation and exacerbated oxidative stress in the brain prior to amyloid deposition. CPO-treated APP mice showed a decrease in memory and learning compared with untreated APP mice; furthermore, analyses of brain tissue sections and extracts showed an increase in Aβ levels and C-terminal fragment-β levels, a decrease in soluble APPα (sAPPα) levels, and an increase in plaque load. In addition, CPO-treated APP transgenic mice showed a significant decrease in neurotrophic factor levels (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3) compared to vehicle-treated APP transgenic animals. Treatment with galantamine attenuated the effects of CPO by reducing amyloid β levels and amyloid load. Conclusion: CPO accelerated and exacerbated the disease development and progression in the APP mice suggesting that pesticides may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD.

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Healthy Brain Aging: Effect of Head Injury, Alcohol and Environmental Toxins

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Dementia and Hip Fractures

Dementia and Hip Fractures

Preexisting dementia is associated with higher mortality rate in patients with femoral neck fracture

Influence of chlorpyrifos oxon on the development and progression of Alzheimer′s disease in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice

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