Abstract:A healthy diet and improved dietary practices, together with other factors, can reduce shift workers' chronic disease risk. The literature showed the importance of eating behaviour in order to prevent diseases in these workers; therefore, educational programmes are necessary to encourage several important lifestyle changes. The target of our future research will be the role of food components in some dietetic habits for the prevention of disease in night shift workers.
“… 14 18 37 With respect to quality of diet, a few studies observed alterations in eating habit and specific nutrient intake among shift workers relative to day workers. 17 18 19 However, owing to limitations in study design and variability in defining shift work and assessing dietary intake, results are difficult to compare between studies. In our previous study in the NHS II, history of night shift work was not associated with quality of diet, 14 but no study has investigated the overall diet quality across different shift work categories.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 9 10 11 12 Among shift workers, excess adiposity and increased smoking are frequently and consistently reported, 13 14 15 whereas the evidence on physical activity is mixed. 16 Some studies observed alterations in eating habit and specific nutrient intake among shift workers, 17 18 19 but the evidence on overall quality of diet across different shift work categories is sparse. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the joint associations of duration of rotating night shift work and unhealthy lifestyle factors with risk of type 2 diabetes or evaluated their potential interactions.…”
ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate the joint association of duration of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with risk of type 2 diabetes risk, and to quantitatively decompose this joint association to rotating night shift work only, to lifestyle only, and to their interaction.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses’ Health Study (1988-2012) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2013).Participants143 410 women without type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline.ExposuresRotating night shift work was defined as at least three night shifts per month in addition to day and evening shifts in that month. Unhealthy lifestyles included current smoking, physical activity levels below 30 minutes per day at moderate to vigorous intensity, diet in the bottom three fifths of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, and body mass index of 25 or above.Main outcome measuresIncident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified through self report and validated by a supplementary questionnaire.ResultsDuring 22-24 years of follow-up, 10 915 cases of incident type 2 diabetes occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.44) per five year increment of duration of rotating night shift work and 2.30 (1.88 to 2.83) per unhealthy lifestyle factor (ever smoking, low diet quality, low physical activity, and overweight or obesity). For the joint association of per five year increment rotating night shift work and per unhealthy lifestyle factor with type 2 diabetes, the hazard ratio was 2.83 (2.15 to 3.73) with a significant additive interaction (P for interaction <0.001). The proportions of the joint association were 17.1% (14.0% to 20.8%) for rotating night shift work alone, 71.2% (66.9% to 75.8%) for unhealthy lifestyle alone, and 11.3% (7.3% to 17.3%) for their additive interaction.ConclusionsAmong female nurses, both rotating night shift work and unhealthy lifestyle were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The excess risk of rotating night shift work combined with unhealthy lifestyle was higher than the addition of risk associated with each individual factor. These findings suggest that most cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented by adhering to a healthy lifestyle, and the benefits could be greater in rotating night shift workers.
“… 14 18 37 With respect to quality of diet, a few studies observed alterations in eating habit and specific nutrient intake among shift workers relative to day workers. 17 18 19 However, owing to limitations in study design and variability in defining shift work and assessing dietary intake, results are difficult to compare between studies. In our previous study in the NHS II, history of night shift work was not associated with quality of diet, 14 but no study has investigated the overall diet quality across different shift work categories.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 9 10 11 12 Among shift workers, excess adiposity and increased smoking are frequently and consistently reported, 13 14 15 whereas the evidence on physical activity is mixed. 16 Some studies observed alterations in eating habit and specific nutrient intake among shift workers, 17 18 19 but the evidence on overall quality of diet across different shift work categories is sparse. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the joint associations of duration of rotating night shift work and unhealthy lifestyle factors with risk of type 2 diabetes or evaluated their potential interactions.…”
ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate the joint association of duration of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with risk of type 2 diabetes risk, and to quantitatively decompose this joint association to rotating night shift work only, to lifestyle only, and to their interaction.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses’ Health Study (1988-2012) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2013).Participants143 410 women without type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline.ExposuresRotating night shift work was defined as at least three night shifts per month in addition to day and evening shifts in that month. Unhealthy lifestyles included current smoking, physical activity levels below 30 minutes per day at moderate to vigorous intensity, diet in the bottom three fifths of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, and body mass index of 25 or above.Main outcome measuresIncident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified through self report and validated by a supplementary questionnaire.ResultsDuring 22-24 years of follow-up, 10 915 cases of incident type 2 diabetes occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.44) per five year increment of duration of rotating night shift work and 2.30 (1.88 to 2.83) per unhealthy lifestyle factor (ever smoking, low diet quality, low physical activity, and overweight or obesity). For the joint association of per five year increment rotating night shift work and per unhealthy lifestyle factor with type 2 diabetes, the hazard ratio was 2.83 (2.15 to 3.73) with a significant additive interaction (P for interaction <0.001). The proportions of the joint association were 17.1% (14.0% to 20.8%) for rotating night shift work alone, 71.2% (66.9% to 75.8%) for unhealthy lifestyle alone, and 11.3% (7.3% to 17.3%) for their additive interaction.ConclusionsAmong female nurses, both rotating night shift work and unhealthy lifestyle were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The excess risk of rotating night shift work combined with unhealthy lifestyle was higher than the addition of risk associated with each individual factor. These findings suggest that most cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented by adhering to a healthy lifestyle, and the benefits could be greater in rotating night shift workers.
“…The possible effects of hunger-satiety cycle perturbation in shift workers is related to the interaction of two factors49,50,51 ) :• changes in meal times• the hunger experienced during night shifts, which leads to food intake.Qualitative and quantitative information on the eating habits of shift workers can be collected by direct interviews or through a food diary52 ) . Deviations from healthy eating can be corrected by formulating diets appropriate to the shift work or by asking companies to provide healthier food in canteens and vending machines53,54,55 ) .Unhealthy eating habits can promote overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS) and myocardial infarction, and further affect the poor sleep patterns of shift workers56, 57 ) .…”
Section: Outputs Of the Biological Clockmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unhealthy eating habits can promote overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS) and myocardial infarction, and further affect the poor sleep patterns of shift workers56, 57 ) .…”
Section: Outputs Of the Biological Clockmentioning
The master clock of the biological rhythm, located in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, synchronizes the molecular biological clock found in
every cell of most peripheral tissues. The human circadian rhythm is largely based on the
light-dark cycle. In night shift workers, alteration of the cycle and inversion of the
sleep-wake rhythm can result in disruption of the biological clock and induce adverse
health effects. This paper offers an overview of the main physiological mechanisms that
regulate the circadian rhythm and of the health risks that are associated with its
perturbation in shift and night workers. The Occupational Physician should screen shift
and night workers for clinical symptoms related to the perturbation of the biological
clock and consider preventive strategies to reduce the associated health risks.
“…Unhealthy food creates problems and causes many diseases all over the world, fast food is a global issue and its rate of consumption increases day by day. Eating a poor‐quality diet of junk food is highly linked to a risk of obesity and digestive issues (Ferri, Cavone, Intranuovo, & Macinagrossa, ). Many fast‐food meals have an extra amount of sugar that affect the human respiratory system (Fuhrman, ).…”
Time has come to cope with severe food shortage as well as quality which is resulting in the stunted growth of children and many other diseases. The answer to all these problems lies in organic food which is becoming increasingly common in developed countries as many brands are moving toward organic certification of their products as well as sustainable attributes. This study has aimed to analyze the importance of the role of organic certification of products as well as sustainable attributes in Thailand. Moreover, this study has also assessed the mediating role of perceived benefits of organic food in respective relationships. Around 301 residents of Thailand were included in data gathering and analysis of the study which was later run on SPSS and AMOS. Descriptive tests, CFA, and SEM were run for data screening, validity, and hypotheses testing, respectively.The results have shown that certification of product attributes has a significant impact on the importance of organic certification while sustainable attributes do not have a significant effect on the same. The mediating role of perceived benefits has been proved in both relationships. This study is novel because no previous study has analyzed the mediating role of perceived benefits in given relationships. This study has important implications for theory, management of restaurants, food sector and government of Thailand's.
K E Y W O R D Sorganic certification, organic food, product attributes, sustainable attributes and perceived benefits
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