Healthy intakes of n−3 and n–6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity

Hibbeln, Joseph R.; Nieminen, Levi R. G.; Blasbalg, Tanya L; Riggs, Jessica A.; Lands, William E.M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1483s

Cited by 485 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…39). Overall, long-chain omega-3 fatty acid consumption was lower than recommended (39). There was a trend for women with atypia to consume less omega-3 fatty acids; median estimated intake of EPA, DHA, and the (EPAþDHA/AA) ratio for women with atypia was half that of women without atypia (P < 0.14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology

Hidaka

Harvey

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, especially the longchain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) þ docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. We measured the association between cytologic atypia, a biomarker for short-term risk of breast cancer development, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and levels in blood and breast tissue. Blood and benign breast tissue, sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA), was obtained from 70 women at elevated risk for breast cancer. Self-reported dietary intake was assessed by the NCI's Food Frequency Questionnaire. The fatty acid composition of five lipid compartments, red blood cell, plasma and breast phospholipids, and plasma and breast triaclyglycerides (TAG), was analyzed by gas chromatography as weight percent. Median daily intakes of EPAþDHA and total omega-3 fatty acids were 80 mg and 1.1 g, respectively. The median total omega-3:6 intake ratio was 1:10. Compared with women without atypia, those with cytologic atypia had lower total omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell and plasma phospholipids and lower omega-3:6 ratios in plasma TAGs and breast TAGs (P < 0.05). The EPAþDHA:AA ratio in plasma TAGs was also lower among women with atypia. This is the first report of associations between tissue levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and a reversible tissue biomarker of breast cancer risk. RPFNA cytomorphology could serve as a surrogate endpoint for breast cancer prevention trials of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Cancer Prev Res; 8(5); 359-64. Ó2015 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology

Hidaka

Harvey

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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“…In the Maldives, for instance, fish provides around half of the protein consumed by the population, some 200 kg per capita annually [41], and more than 99% of omega 3 fatty acids [38]. Crucially, fish is also a rich source of micronutrients such as Omega 3 fatty acids, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin A, all of which are closely tied to public health outcomes [42]. Clear correlations have been identified between adequate consumption of these micronutrients and early brain development in children, as well as the prevention of a range of negative health impacts (e.g.…”

Section: Linking Ocean Health With Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tDuring the international symposium on "Regional Applications and Nexus of the Ocean Health Index" at The University of Tokyo in Japan in July 2015, a range of experts, practitioners and researchers discussed the potential for assessing the current state of ocean health at different scales, as well as changes over time. Discussions focused on how the successful assessment and implementation of projects aimed at fostering ocean health and resilient coastal ecosystems strongly depends on a multi-stakeholder approach and local leadership. In addition, recent examples of regional independent assessments conducted using the Ocean Health Index were introduced, with an accompanying explanation of how the Index goals can be adjusted, specified or weighted in line with a local context or policy direction. This manuscript introduces key points raised during the symposium as well as relevant supplementary materials.

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“…In contrast, the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs in the early hunter-gatherer diet was 2:1 to 3:1 17 . The dramatic shift in omega-6 relative to omega-3 consumption in the modern diet is believed to contribute to increases in numerous inflammatory-related diseases, 18 including depression for which inflammatory pathways play a clear etiological role 7 .…”

Section: Diet and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing

Kiecolt‐Glaser¹,

Glaser²,

Christian³

2016

Military Medicine

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Stress-related immune alterations can be consequential for health; they can enhance susceptibility to infectious agents and influence the severity of infectious disease, diminish the strength of immune responses to vaccines, reactivate latent viruses, and slow wound healing. Furthermore, stressful events and negative emotions promote systemic proinflammatory cytokine production while reducing beneficial local production of proinflammatory cytokines at the wound site that are important for wound healing. Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) also influence systemic inflammation; high proportions of omega-6 to omega-3 boost inflammation, while omega-3 has anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the limited evidence thus far suggests that omega-3 PUFA may enhance local inflammatory responses at wound sites. Moreover, an individual's dietary proportion of omega-3 to omega-6 may influence the magnitude of inflammatory responses to stressful events. Thus, wound healing and surgery provide exemplars of how stress and depression can interact with the diet to influence important clinical outcomes.

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Healthy intakes of n−3 and n–6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity

Abstract: With caveats inherent for ecologic, nutrient disappearance analyses, a healthy dietary allowance for n-3 LCFAs for current US diets was estimated at 3.5 g/d for a 2000-kcal diet. This allowance for n-3 LCFAs can likely be reduced to one-tenth of that amount by consuming fewer n-6 fats.

Cited by 485 publications

References 38 publications

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing

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