“…Cancer [24], schizophrenia [25], lung cancer [26,27], breast cancer [28], diabetes [29], limb ischemia [30], IgA nephropathy [31], oral squamous cell carcinoma [32], acute myeloid leukemia [33] and psychiatric disease [34] America, Europe, and Asia [35][36][37] Income related [38], relationship with economic growth [39] or globalization [40] Sullivan [41], Lee and Carter [22], Cairns et al [23], Jafelice [16], Agawal et al [17] and Pascaliu et al [21] As a result, for the purpose of this article it is concurred that Agrawal et al [17] provides the most accurate and useful methodology to calculate individual LE despite it only showing five years of LE. This has so far been the only tool that has been proposed to calculate a PLE for an individual utilizing personalized attributes entered in to questionnaires provided by a web application, whilst others are based on predictions of LE for a group based on larger demographic classifications.…”