Healthy lifestyle and recommendations in health care among hypertensive and diabetic patients in Brazil, 2019

Abstract

Objective: To estimate prevalence of healthy behaviors among individuals aged 30 years or more, diagnosed with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, using information from the National Health Survey, 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with cluster sampling and simple random sampling in three stages. Individuals were aggregated according the following conditions: having arterial hypertension; arterial hypertension only; diabetes mellitus; diabetes mellitus only; arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus only; without chronic non-communicable diseases. Poisson regression models and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for sex, age group, and schooling were used. The proportion of recommendations received by patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus was estimated by type of care (public/private). Results: A total of 69,285 individuals aged 30 years or more was analyzed. Compared to individuals without non-communicable diseases, prevalence of consumption of fruits and vegetables ≥5 days a week was significantly higher among individuals with arterial hypertension (39.9% - 95%CI 38.8–41.0) and those with diabetes mellitus (42.8% - 95%CI 40.7–44.9). However, estimates of not having consumed ultra-processed food were low, 19.7% (95%CI 18.9–20.6) and 21.9% (95%CI 20,3–23.5), respectively. Prevalence of not smoking reached values close to 90% and significant prevalence ratios, whereas the practice of physical activity had levels below 30% and non-significant prevalence ratios. The proportion of healthy eating recommendations reached 90%, but it was close to 70% for not smoking. Conclusions: It is necessary to encourage the practice of healthy lifestyles and provide information about the benefits of physical activity and the harmful effects of unhealthy eating for well-being and aging with quality.

Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Profiles Across Population Surveys From 5 High- to Low-Income Countries

“…The data collection methods for each of the CVH metrics are reviewed briefly in Supplemental Table S1 , with the full methodology for each survey described elsewhere. 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 Data that were considered sufficiently comparable were harmonized ( Supplemental Table S1 ). Harmonized variables were also created for education and current medication use prescribed to reduce BP, glucose, or cholesterol ( Supplemental Fig.…”

Doctors’ recommendations and healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals with hypertension in Brazil

“…However, unhealthy levels of alcohol consumption increased from 16% to 19% between 2006 and 2019 ( Brasil, 2021 ). Likewise, sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets remain common ( Szwarcwald et al, 2021 ). Among Brazilians with hypertension, 76% regularly consume processed foods, and 97.5% have sedentary lifestyles, although they are more likely than average to consume fruits and vegetables and have adequate salt consumption ( Szwarcwald et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Brazil’s 2019 National Health Survey study (Pesquisa Nacional de Saude, PNS) shows that more than 80% of individuals reported that their doctor recommended they consume recommended levels of fruits and vegetables, maintain adequate weight, restrict salt consumption, be physically active, and have regular follow-ups ( Szwarcwald et al, 2021 ). However, only 67% and 66%, respectively, reported being recommended not to smoke or drink heavily ( Szwarcwald et al, 2021 ). Little is known about how such recommendations are associated with SES factors.…”

“…The National Program of Health Promotion in Brazil has implemented actions in primary care settings that make doctors responsible for providing recommendations for controlling chronic noncommunicable diseases ( Szwarcwald et al, 2021 ). Using nationally representative data from Brazil, this paper aims to 1) describe whether socioeconomic and health factors are associated with doctors’ recommendations and 2) informed by TM, examine whether doctors’ recommendations are associated with engaging in healthy behaviors and regular visits to the doctors among individuals with diagnosed hypertension in Brazil.…”

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP) for the Brazilian Population

“…3 The adherence of healthy habits among Brazilian people with the diagnosis of SAH increased in recent years; however, the level of sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of ultra-processed food is still very high. 4 Self-care in the management of SAH is crucial,…”