“…Similarly, a study of 291 middleaged male Japanese workers reported that those working ≥12 hours/day (including commuting) had a significant decrease of mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin-A (PHA) but the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 were comparable to those working <12 hours/day (16). A series of studies assessing the immunological impact of good versus poor health practices (work hours, smoking, drinking, sleeping, exercise, nutrition, stress, and eating breakfast) revealed that working ≥10 hours/ day as compared to <10 hours/day was associated with a significant decrease of NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) (17), while it was not associated with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity or lymphocyte subsets (NK, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, perforin, granulyin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells) (18,19).…”