Healthy older adults’ perceptions of their memory functioning and use of mnemonics

Lovelace, Eugene A.; Twohig, Paul T.

doi:10.3758/bf03333979

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…For example, some researchers have focused on "diary studies", in which participants keep diaries of their ability to remember to carry out future tasks (Meacham & Kushner;1980), or have drawn comparisons between prospective memory and retrospective memory (Andrezejewski, et al, 1991;Hitch & Ferguson, 1991;Kvavilashvili, 1987Kvavilashvili, , 1992Meacham & Singer, 1977;Wilkins & Baddeley, 1978). Others have focused on the specific characteristics of prospective memory, such as strategy use (Harris, 1980), the role of event-cues in prospective remembering (Ellis, Kvavilashvili, & Milne, 1999), Personality and prospective memory 4 developmental aspects of prospective memory (Beal, 1988), as a framework for everyday forgetting (Cavanaugh, Grady, & Perlmutter, 1983;Lovelace & Twohig, 1990;Marsh, Hicks, & Landau, 1998), and age-related changes in prospective remembering (Einstein, McDaniel, Richardson, Guynn & Cunfer, 1995;Mantyla, 1994;Maylor, 1990;. For example, there is good evidence of age-related prospective memory decline when laboratory or computer generated tasks are used (Cockburn and Smith, 1991;Craik, 1992;Uttl and Graf, 2000), with older adults showing more prospective memory errors than younger adults.…”

Section: Dimension On Prospective Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Eysenck's extraversion‐introversion personality dimension on prospective memory

Heffernan

Ling

2001

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Prospective memory (PM) is memory for future events. PM is a developing area of research (e.g. Brandimonte, Einstein, & McDaniel, 1996) with recent work linking personality types and their utilisation of PM (Goschke & Kuhl, 1996;Searleman, 1996). The present study compared 28 extraverts and 28 introverts on their short-and long-term prospective memory using the Prospective Memory Scale developed by Hannon, Adams, Harrington, Fries-Dias, & Gibson (1995). The main finding was that extraverts reported significantly fewer errors on short-and long-term PM than introverts, and this difference could not be explained in terms of the number of strategies used to support prospective remembering. These findings are discussed in relation to differences between the personality types.

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Section: Dimension On Prospective Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Eysenck's extraversion‐introversion personality dimension on prospective memory

Heffernan

Ling

2001

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…Electronic mail may be sent to dburke@ pomona.edu. Burke et al, 1991;Cohen & Faulkner, 1986;Heine, Ober, & Shenaut, 1999;Maylor, 1990b;Rastle & Burke, 1996) and ranking as older adults' most annoying cognitive failure (Lovelace & Twohig, 1990).TOTs are a valuable source of information about the nature of the processes and architecture of the speech production system. They require production models, for example, to account for successful selection of semantic and lexical information but failed selection of phonological information during word retrieval (e.g., Bock & Levelt, 1994;Caramazza, 1997).…”

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Phonological priming effects on word retrieval and tip-of-the-tongue experiences in young and older adults.

James¹,

Burke²

2000

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

185

207

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In a repetition priming paradigm, young and older participants read aloud prime words that sometimes shared phonological components with a target word that answered a general knowledge question. In Experiment 1, prior processing of phonologically related words decreased tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs) and increased correct responses to subsequent questions. In Experiment 2, the priming task occurred only when the participant could not answer the question. Processing phonologically related words increased correct recall, but only when the participant was in a TOT state. Phonological priming effects were age invariant, although older adults produced relatively more TOTs. Results support the transmission deficit model that the weak connections among phonological representations that cause TOTs are strengthened by production of phonologically related words. There was no evidence that phonologically related words block TOT targets.The tip-of-the-tongue state (TOT) is a relatively common type of speech error in which a word retrieval failure is coupled with a strong feeling of knowing and often with a considerable sense of frustration at the inaccessibility of the desired word. Typically, a person can access semantic and syntactic properties of the TOT word and partial phonological properties such as initial sound or number of syllables, although the complete phonology remains inaccessible (e.g., A. S. Brown, 1991;R. Brown & McNeill, 1966;Koriat & Lieblich, 1974;Miozzo & Caramazza, 1997;Vigliocco, Antonini, & Garrett, 1997). Resolution of a TOT is as compelling as the TOT onset when it occurs spontaneously, with the target word popping into mind at a time when retrieval attempts have been abandoned (Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991;A. S. Brown, 1991;Reason & Lucas, 1984). In this article, we investigate the phonological encoding processes that are fundamental to speech production and are implicated in the cause of TOTs and their spontaneous resolution. We also investigate the role of phonological encoding processes in aging effects. TOTs are a hallmark of old age, increasing in frequency with normal aging in both experimental and naturalistic studies (A. S. Brown & Nix, 1996; Lori E. James, Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University; Deborah M. Burke, Department of Psychology, Pomona College.Lori E. James is now at the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.This research was supported by a Haynes Fellowship and Grant R37 AGOS835 from the National Institute on Aging. Portions of this research were reported at the Cognitive Aging Conference, Atlanta, GA, April 1994, and at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Los Angeles, CA, November 1995. We thank Jennifer Taylor for phonetic transcriptions and Kathryn Bock, Don MacKay, Alan Brown, Tim Perfect, and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful comments on a draft of this article.Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to Deborah M. Burke, Department of Psychology, Pomona College, 550 Harvard Avenue, Claremont, Ca...

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“…This is true even in "advantaged" samples (e.g., those in Hellebrandt, 1980;Lovelace & Twohig, 1990). This problem with semantic memory seems at odds with the common empirical finding that vocabulary remains very much intact for healthy older adults (Botwinick, 1984).…”

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“…We rarely hear someone use a word that we know without being able to think of its meaning, yet most of us will occasionally want to use a word to convey a particular meaning and find ourselves unable to think of the word. Given the perception of many aged that this word-finding difficulty increases in frequency as they grow older (Lovelace & Twohig, 1990), we hypothesized that this asymmetry would be greater for old than for young adults.…”

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Aging and word finding: Reverse vocabulary and Cloze tests

Lovelace

Coon

1991

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Two tasks were used to evaluate age differences in "word-finding difficulty,"-lexical access and retrieval-for 31 young adults (college students) and 24 healthy, community-dwelling older adults (aged 58 to 86). Comparison of performances on a traditional (forward) and a reverse vocabulary test for the same set of 43 nouns indicated that the aged could define the words as well as or better than the young, but that they had greater difficulty thinking of the word when given the definition. A Cloze task, in which 32 nouns had been deleted from each of four prose passages, required that participants try to guess the deleted words. On this task, the performances of young and old adults were very similar. The only suggestion of greater word-finding difficulty for the aged was that they more often failed to provide any response, although in absolute terms these omission errors were quite rare for both age groups.A common observation of the aged regarding subjective changes in memory function is that they have trouble bringing some things they know to mind when they want to-most notably, people's names and words they wish to use in conversation (Cohen & Faulkner, 1986; Maylor, in press;Sunderland, Watts, Baddeley, & Harris, 1986). This is true even in "advantaged" samples (e.g., those in Hellebrandt, 1980;Lovelace & Twohig, 1990). This problem with semantic memory seems at odds with the common empirical finding that vocabulary remains very much intact for healthy older adults (Botwinick, 1984). However, the usual vocabulary test is a test of the ability to get from words to their meanings (speech comprehension), whereas the complaint is made with regard to a difficulty in moving from meanings to specific words (speech production).We hypothesized that everyone experiences some asymmetry with respect to the relative difficulty of moving from meanings to words and words to meanings. We rarely hear someone use a word that we know without being able to think of its meaning, yet most of us will occasionally want to use a word to convey a particular meaning and find ourselves unable to think of the word. Given the perception of many aged that this word-finding difficulty increases in frequency as they grow older (Lovelace & Twohig, 1990), we hypothesized that this asymmetry would be greater for old than for young adults.Papers based on these data were presented by the first author at the Third Cognitive Aging Conference, Atlanta, GA, March, 1990 33Previous work of Bowles and Poon (1985) and Burke, Worthley, and Martin (1988) provided some support for these hypotheses. Burke et al. had young and old adults keep diaries to record occurrences of tip-of-the-tongue states, clear cases of word-finding difficulty. Older participants recorded significantly more of these events. Bowles and Poon found that the elderly were significantly less likely than young adults to be able to recall the correct word when read the word's definition. They took this to "reflect a specifically directional breakdown in the connection from the semantic ...

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Healthy older adults’ perceptions of their memory functioning and use of mnemonics

Cited by 106 publications

References 10 publications

The impact of Eysenck's extraversion‐introversion personality dimension on prospective memory

The impact of Eysenck's extraversion‐introversion personality dimension on prospective memory

Phonological priming effects on word retrieval and tip-of-the-tongue experiences in young and older adults.

Aging and word finding: Reverse vocabulary and Cloze tests

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