Heard Shots – Call the Police? An Examination of Citizen Responses To Gunfire

Huebner, Beth M.; Lentz, Theodore S.; Schafer, Joseph

doi:10.1080/07418825.2020.1799063

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For instance, 311 calls may indicate more civic engagement or collective efficacy within census tracts with higher rates of nonfatal shootings and therefore a greater likelihood of residents calling 911 to connect gunshot victims with the appropriate trauma care, therefore improving survival. This finding is consistent with Huebner and colleagues who found 311 calls were positively associated with residents calling 911 for gunfire (Huebner et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition to police 911 calls, scholars have leveraged administrative datasets such as nonemergency calls for services (i.e., 311 calls), the rate of active voters, and community rain collector barrels to measure community disorder and collective efficacy (Weisburd et al, 2012;Wheeler, 2018). Residents calls to the 311 system have been used to measure both physical disorder (Huebner et al, 2020;Wheeler, 2018) and collective efficacy (Magee, 2020), as a resident's willingness to call for city services may indicate civic engagement . For instance, Wheeler (2018) demonstrated a positive relationship between 311 calls and overall crime.…”

Section: Neighborhood-level Social Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

Magee

2021

Homicide Studies

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Firearm violence is considered a public health crisis in the United States. Firearm violence spatially concentrates within neighborhoods and is associated with community factors; however, little is understood about the geographic differences in gunshot wound mortality and associated neighborhood social processes. Applying a public health approach through the Haddon’s Matrix, the results demonstrate systematic differences in social and physical features associated with gunshot mortality. These findings have important implications to improve neighborhood physical and social conditions, police transporting gunshot victims, and police-public health partnerships to improve data collection on nonfatal shootings and shots fired.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Neighborhood-level Social Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

Magee

2021

Homicide Studies

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“…Variation between neighborhoods in crime rates and local social norms appear to matter. Huebner et al ( 12 ), for example, document in detail how the tendency to call the police about “shots fired” tends to be proportionally lower in the places with the most gunfire, as determined by acoustic gunshot detectors. People in high-crime neighborhoods may be desensitized to the sound of gunfire and its consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in public–police cooperation following the murder of George Floyd

2022

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The murder of George Floyd triggered a broad social response and noticeable shift in public opinion of policing. Since policing is dependent upon public cooperation, a question is whether the shift in opinion had an effect on police calls-for-service. Data from Los Angeles and New York City are evaluated using a regression discontinuity design. Violent crime, property crime and quality-of-life disorder calls are analyzed to address differences in reporting norms. The role of racial-ethnic composition of local areas is assessed by examining census tracts where the majority of the residential population is Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White. Following the murder of George Floyd, in New York City violent crime, property crime, and quality-of-life calls all increased significantly. In Los Angeles, quality-of-life calls for service decreased significantly. The increase in violent crime calls observed in New York was greatest in areas where the majority of residents are Black, whereas the increase in property crime calls was the greatest in areas where a majority of residents are White. The decrease in quality-of-life calls observed in Los Angeles was in areas where the majority of residents are White. In both cases, the effect was relatively short-lived.

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“…Among larger cities, 20% of homicides are gang-related (Pyrooz, 2012). Gang membership, even when concentrated in a small area, has a significant influence on gun assaults in that community and in communities nearby (Huebner et al, 2020). Scholars have linked gang membership with a propensity to commit crime (Gordon et al, 2004; Melde & Esbensen, 2013; Pyrooz et al, 2016; Taylor et al, 2007), especially in high-crime and socially disadvantaged areas (Bursik, 2002; Coughlin & Venkatesh, 2003; Tita & Ridgeway, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, gunfire incidents are underreported, especially in high gun crime neighborhoods (Huebner et al, 2020). In their study comparing reported gunfire incidents to ShotSpotter data in two large cities, Carr and Doleac (2016) found that only 12% of gunfire incidents are reported to police.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Focused Deterrence on Lived Experiences With Gangs and Gun Violence: Extending Effects Beyond Officially Recorded Crime

Kochel

Nouri

Samadi

2021

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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The study evaluates a geographically based focused deterrence (FD) intervention, extending knowledge about FD impact beyond crime data to also examine residents’ lived experiences with gangs and gun violence via a two-wave household survey. We employ a quasi-experimental design and utilize time-series analyses, coefficient difference tests, and mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression. The results show a significant reduction in shots fired incidents in the target area relative to comparison areas. Shots fired calls for service trended downward citywide, but the magnitude was doubled in the target area. Survey data showed substantive declines in the target area on all six gang and gun violence outcomes, significantly exceeding changes experienced in comparison areas. We conclude that focusing geographically as well as on repeat offenders is an effective FD approach, and evaluating community surveys provides an improved understanding of the community impact.

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Heard Shots – Call the Police? An Examination of Citizen Responses To Gunfire

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

Changes in public–police cooperation following the murder of George Floyd

Impact of Focused Deterrence on Lived Experiences With Gangs and Gun Violence: Extending Effects Beyond Officially Recorded Crime

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