Hearing the echoes of electroweak baryogenesis with gravitational wave detectors

Abstract

We report on the first joint analysis of observational signatures from the electroweak baryogenesis in both gravitational wave (GW) detectors and particle colliders. With an effective extension of the Higgs sector in terms of the dimension-6 operators, we derive a strong first-order phase transition in associated with a sizable CP violation to realize a successful electroweak baryogenesis. We calculate the GW spectrum resulting from the bubble nucleation, plasma transportation, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of this process that occurred after the big bang, and find that it yields GW signals testable in Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory and Big Bang Observer. We further identify collider signals from the same mechanism that are observable at the planning Circular Electron Positron Collider. Our analysis bridges astrophysics/cosmology with particle physics by providing significant motivation for searches for GW events peaking at the (10 −4 , 1) Hz range, which are associated with signals at colliders, and highlights the possibility of an interdisciplinary observational window into baryogenesis. The technique applied in analyzing early universe phase transitions may enlighten the study of phase transitions in applied science.PACS numbers: 04.30.-w, 12.60.-i, 95.55.-n

Hearing the signal of dark sectors with gravitational wave detectors

“…1 It is well known that a first-order phase transition is accompanied by three mechanisms that can give rise to gravitational waves in the early universe [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]: collisions of expanding vacuum bubbles, sounds waves, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of bubbles in the hot plasma. However, for previously studied models, e.g., (next to) minimal supersymmetric Standard Model [15], strongly coupled dark sectors [16], or the electroweak phase transition with the Higgs potential modified by a sextic term [17], the resulting GW frequencies after redshifting are expected to have frequencies of some two or more orders of magnitude below the reach of aLIGO. On the other hand, if electroweak symmetry breaking is triggered in the dark sector at temperatures significantly above the electroweak scale, e.g., by radiatively generating a vacuum expectation value (vev) using the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, GW with frequencies are within the aLIGO reach, i.e., 1-100 Hz.…”

Limiting first-order phase transitions in dark gauge sectors from gravitational waves experiments

“…These extra terms can be particularly interesting in our case because they can lower the double well barrier. As a consequence, during the dark electroweak phase transition * andrea.addazi@infn.lngs.it 1 We mention that other interesting possibilities of GW emissions from collisions of bubbles were recently suggested [1][2][3][4][5][6]. 2 An alternative can be to introduce a dark strong sector with a low scale confinement, accounting for the correct abundance of dark matter and dark energy [25,26].…”

Gravitational waves from a supercooled electroweak phase transition and their detection with pulsar timing arrays

“…This motivated a series of investigations into the production of GWs in various BSM models, see e.g. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The characteristic frequency and amplitude of the spectrum are derived from the dynamics of the PT and depend on a few key parameters: the duration of the transition, the size of colliding bubbles, the bubble-walls velocity and the fraction of vacuum energy transferred into the bubble walls.…”