Heart beat rate monitoring using optical sensors

Abstract

The heartbeat is a unit for counting the intensity of the heart function, whose unit is the beats per minute (bpm). The heart has pacemaker cells, which, by creating electrical waves, these cells cause heart rhythm from the right atrium with its spread throughout the heart, blood pumping occurs. The human heart naturally breaks about 60 to 100 bpm, which can vary with different conditions. Any disorder in heartbeat is a type of disease in the heart that can be detected by human beings by measuring beats in different ways. We present a heart rate measuring device in this paper, which first infrared light is transmitted by the infrared sensor (IR LED TX) to the fingertip and then reflects light on a Photodiode RX sensor and converted to a suitable signal by the Signal Conditioning, and suitable signal sent to the microcontroller, finally, the heart rate is measured by processing and analysis. On the device, when the power button is pressed, the user places his fingertip on the sensors then the microcontroller key is pressed and then the heart rate is measured in 15 seconds and displayed on the LCD screen. Using this device, it can be measured easily and in a short time, heart rate with a non-invasive method without harm to the human body.

Heart Rate Monitoring Device for Arrhythmia Using Pulse Oximeter Sensor Based on Android

“…The LED will emit a specific wavelength of light that will be absorbed by the blood, then the light will be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, and spread by the skin, tissue, and blood before the light reaches the photodiode. The pulse oximeter has two sensor types based on the position of the LED and the photodiode; they are transmittance sensor and reflectance sensor [9,14].…”

“…To achieve an accurate heart rate results, the subject should not do any heavy physical activity at least 15 minutes before the measurement began [9,13]. During the measurement process, the subject must be at rest.…”

“…The internet of things (IoT) technology makes it possible to monitor the pulse oximeter measurement through Android smartphone applications [7]. It can help to monitor the patient with arrhythmia potential, especially tachycardia and bradycardia, by the family member remotely [8,9].…”

A focused review on materials and generations of coronary stents

“…Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including particularly coronaries, carotids and peripheral arteries. Depending on which arteries are affected, Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems blood clots can cause a heart attack, 6,7 stroke, or even death. This process gradually continues to cause more inflammation by making more atheroma accumulates, which results in a bigger plaque.…”

Capacitive Heart-Rate Sensing on Touch Screen Panel with Laterally Interspaced Electrodes

“…The on-screen fingerprint sensor is one successful example of such a TSP-mounted bionic sensor [ 3 ]. Especially, a considerable number of attempts for implementing heart-rate sensors into mobile devices including smart phones, smart watches, and other wearable devices have been made in recent years [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Portable heart-rate sensors are extremely helpful to perceive and prevent cardiac disorders like arrhythmia [ 19 , 20 ].…”