Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update

Mozaffarian, Dariush; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Go, Alan S.; Arnett, Donna K.; Blaha, Michael J.; Cushman, Mary; Ferranti, Sarah D. de; Després, Jean‐Pierre; Fullerton, Heather J.; Howard, Virginia J.; Huffman, Mark D.; Judd, Suzanne E.; Kissela, Brett M.; Lackland, Daniel T.; Lichtman, Judith H.; Lisabeth, Lynda D.; Liu, Simin; Mackey, Rachel H.; Matchar, David B.; McGuire, Darren K.; Mohler, Emile R.; Moy, Claudia S.; Muntner, Paul; Mussolino, Michael E.; Nasir, Khurram; Neumar, Robert W.; Nichol, Graham; Palaniappan, Latha; Pandey, Dilip K.; Reeves, Mathew J.; Rodríguez, Carlos J.; Sorlie, Paul D.; Stein, Joel; Towfighi, Amytis; Turan, Tanya N.; Virani, Salim S.; Willey, Joshua Z.; Woo, Daniel; Yeh, Robert W.; Turner, Melanie B.

doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152

Cited by 5,553 publications

(3,416 citation statements)

References 1,455 publications

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“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and is also emerging as the leading cause of death in developing countries in light of rapid epidemiological transitions over the past 2 decades 1. This has brought primary prevention of CVD to the forefront.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community

Lyass

Courchesne

et al. 2018

JAHA

221

228

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BackgroundThe discovery of novel and highly predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has the potential to improve risk‐stratification methods and may be informative regarding biological pathways contributing to disease.Methods and ResultsWe used a discovery proteomic platform that targeted high‐value proteins for CVD to ascertain 85 circulating protein biomarkers in 3523 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age, 62 years; 53% women). Using multivariable‐adjusted Cox models to account for clinical variables, we found 8 biomarkers associated with incident atherosclerotic CVD, 18 with incident heart failure, 38 with all‐cause mortality, and 35 with CVD death (false discovery rate, q<0.05 for all; P‐value ranges, 9.8×10−34 to 3.6×10−2). Notably, a number of regulators of metabolic and adipocyte homeostasis were associated with cardiovascular events, including insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), leptin, and adipsin. In a multimarker approach that accounted for clinical factors, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was associated with all outcomes. In addition, N‐terminal pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide, C‐reactive protein, and leptin were associated with incident heart failure, and C‐type lectin domain family 3 member B (CLEC3B; tetranectin), N‐terminal pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide, arabinogalactan protein 1 (AGP1), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2), uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (UCMGP), kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), IGFBP2, IGF1, leptin receptor, and cystatin‐C were associated with all‐cause mortality in a multimarker model.ConclusionsWe identified numerous protein biomarkers that predicted cardiovascular outcomes and all‐cause mortality, including biomarkers representing regulators of metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and define clinical utility, with the ultimate goal of improving strategies for CVD prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community

Lyass

Courchesne

et al. 2018

JAHA

221

228

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“…The overall prevalence for MI is 2.8% in US adults. MI prevalence is 4.0% for men and 1.8% for women 1. According to investigation of the European Society of Cardiology, one in six men and one in seven women in Europe will die from MI 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell‐loaded cardiac patch promotes epicardial activation and repair of the infarcted myocardium

Wang

et al. 2017

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Cardiac patch is considered a promising strategy for enhancing stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms for cardiac patch repairing infarcted myocardium remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of PCL/gelatin patch loaded with MSCs on activating endogenous cardiac repair. PCL/gelatin patch was fabricated by electrospun. The patch enhanced the survival of the seeded MSCs and their HIF‐1α, Tβ4, VEGF and SDF‐1 expression and decreased CXCL14 expression in hypoxic and serum‐deprived conditions. In murine MI models, the survival and distribution of the engrafted MSCs and the activation of the epicardium were examined, respectively. At 4 weeks after transplantation of the cell patch, the cardiac functions were significantly improved. The engrafted MSCs migrated across the epicardium and into the myocardium. Tendency of HIF‐1α, Tβ4, VEGF, SDF‐1 and CXCL14 expression in the infarcted myocardium was similar with expression in vitro. The epicardium was activated and epicardial‐derived cells (EPDCs) migrated into deep tissue. The EPDCs differentiated into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and some of EPDCs showed to have differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Density of blood and lymphatic capillaries increased significantly. More c‐kit+ cells were recruited into the infarcted myocardium after transplantation of the cell patch. The results suggest that epicardial transplantation of the cell patch promotes repair of the infarcted myocardium and improves cardiac functions by enhancing the survival of the transplanted cells, accelerating locality paracrine, and then activating the epicardium and recruiting endogenous c‐kit+ cells. Epicardial transplantation of the cell patch may be applied as a novel effective MI therapy.

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“…About 1.1 million people in the US are diagnosed every year with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 1. Current treatment guidelines for patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), a combination of aspirin and a P2Y 12 inhibitor, for at least 12 months after the ACS event 2, 3, 4, 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Real‐World” Comparison of Prasugrel With Ticagrelor in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States

Larmore

Effron

Molife

et al. 2015

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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ObjectivesThe 30‐day clinical outcomes with prasugrel or ticagrelor were compared using a US payer database in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPrasugrel and ticagrelor demonstrated superior efficacy with increased non‐coronary artery bypass graft major bleeding compared with clopidogrel in randomized clinical trials. No direct randomized or observational studies have compared clinical outcomes between prasugrel and ticagrelor.MethodsPatients hospitalized for ACS‐PCI between August 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013 and prescribed prasugrel or ticagrelor were selected. Drug treatment cohorts were propensity matched based upon demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary objective compared 30‐day net adverse clinical events (NACE) in prasugrel‐ and ticagrelor‐treated patients using a prespecified 20% noninferiority margin. Secondary objectives included comparisons of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding.ResultsData were available for 16,098 patients (prasugrel, n = 13,134; ticagrelor, n = 2,964). In unmatched cohorts, prasugrel‐treated patients were younger with fewer comorbidities than ticagrelor‐treated patients, and 30‐day NACE rates were 5.6 and 9.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Following propensity matching, NACE was noninferior (P < 0.001) and 22% lower in prasugrel‐treated than in ticagrelor‐treated patients (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.94). A 30‐day adjusted MACE (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98) and major bleeding (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.95) were also lower in prasugrel‐treated patients compared with ticagrelor‐treated patients.ConclusionsIn this “real‐world,” retrospective, observational study, physicians appear to preferentially use prasugrel in younger patients with lower risk of bleeding or comorbidities compared with ticagrelor. Following adjustment, clinical outcomes associated with prasugrel use appear as good, if not better, than those associated with ticagrelor in ACS‐PCI patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update

Cited by 5,553 publications

References 1,455 publications

Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community

Protein Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Community

Mesenchymal stem cell‐loaded cardiac patch promotes epicardial activation and repair of the infarcted myocardium

“Real‐World” Comparison of Prasugrel With Ticagrelor in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States

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