Heart Failure and Cardiac Device Therapy: A Review of Current National Institute of Health and Care Excellence and European Society of Cardiology Guidelines

Abstract

Guidelines help clinicians to deliver high-quality care with therapies based on up-to-date evidence. There has been significant progress in the management of heart failure with regards to both medication and cardiac device therapy. These advances have been incorporated into national and international guidelines with varying degrees of success. This article reviews current guidance from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence in the UK and compares this with European Society of Cardiology guidelines, and evaluates how differences between them may impact on clinical practice.

Cardiac Device Therapy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update

“…The current indications for each therapy are detailed in the designated subchapters below. The use of CIEDs has increased in the past years [6]. Severe renal impairment is an important element to be considered when choosing the type of CIED/cardiac assist device treatment in patients with HF or who are in need of cardiopulmonary support.…”

Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure

“…Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by typical signs and symptoms caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality leading to a reduction in cardiac output and/or elevated intra cardiac pressure at rest or during stress [ 1 ]. some clinical features of heart failure include fatigue, peripheral edema, elevated jugular venous pressure and shortness of breath [ 1 , 2 ]. It is estimated that heart failure affects up to 64 million people worldwide [ 3 ].…”