Heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction: outcomes and predictors of prognosis

Abstract

1980-2010, an increasing number of deaths from HF was documented in a standardized population. 3 The same trend has been observed in an analysis of the Polish national database in subsequent years. 4 Furthermore, Pikala et al 5 analyzed the years 2000-2014, and found out a decreasing trend in the standard expected years of life lost per living person from cardiovascular diseases, for both men and women. This is also true for the main cardiovascular diseases, such as INTROduCTION Heart failure (HF) still remains a significant clinical, economic, and social problem. Although the incidence of HF decreases, its prevalence increases (partly due to improved survival), and the number of deaths attributable to HF rises. 1 Furthermore, in recent decades, cardiovascular disease has been recognized as the leading cause of death at the population level, 2 and HF is one of the main contributors to this trend. In a previous publication, covering the years

Characteristics and outcomes for patients with heart failure diagnosed according to the universal definition and classification of heart failure. Data from a single-center registry

“…We found that the most prevalent type of HF was HFrEF, followed by HFpEF and HFmrEF. Similar proportions were described by Rywik et al [5,6]. These findings differ from the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry data, where HFmrEF (24.2%) was found more often than HFpEF (16.0%), with 59.8% of HFrEF patients [7].…”

“…All-cause mortality in our study was highest in HFrEF patients, followed by HFmrEF and HFpEF. No differences in one-year mortality between HFmrF and HFpEF patients were found, which was confirmed in another study conducted in the Polish population by Rywik et al [5,6]. It may be explained by the differences in death causes between HF groups.…”