Heart lesions associated with anabolic steroid abuse: Comparison of post-mortem findings in athletes and norethandrolone-induced lesions in rabbits

Fanton, Laurent; Belhani, Dalila; Vaillant, Fanny; Tabib, A.; Gomez, Ludovic; Descotes, Jacques; Dehina, Leila; Bui‐Xuan, Bernard; Malicier, D.; Timour, Quadiri

doi:10.1016/j.etp.2008.09.007

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with other animal studies found that AAS resulted in cardiac apoptotic lesions. (19,51,52) In a recent study, it has been shown that AAS indirectly mediates the processes that precede mitochondrial damage, apoptosis and sarcomere disruption. (53) In trained plus steroid group, cardiac caspase-3 activity was minimal and no apoptotic changes were observed on histological examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a marker of angiogenesis (15) was evaluated by ELISA method (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). Cardiac glycogen content was determined by chemical method according to the Siu et al (24) Cardiac caspase-3 activity as a marker of apoptosis (19) was measured by ELISA method using Apotarget Apoptosis kit supplied by Biosource International, Inc (Camarillo, California 93012USA). Data were normalized to the amount of protein measured by the Lowery method, (25) using the bovine serum albumen as a slandered.…”

Section: Blood and Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(17,18) AAS exert primarily anabolic and growth-promoting effects in cardiac tissue; however, they also cause ultrastructural alterations of cardiomyocytes similar to those observed in the early stages of congestive heart failure. (19) Although the use of AAS is frequently associated with exercise, limited studies in animal models have attempted to find the relationship between AAS use with and without training and cardiovascular function. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of training and AAS on the hemodynamic function, cardiac glycogen content as an energy store, sympathetic activity, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and histology of cardiac muscle in adult male rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Exercise Training and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Hemodynamics , Glycogen Content , Angiogenesis and Apoptosis of Cardiac Muscle in Adult Male Rats

Hassan¹,

Kamal²

2013

IJHS

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Abstract:Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise training and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on hemodynamics, glycogen content, angiogenesis, apoptosis and histology of cardiac muscle.Methods: Forty rats were divided into 4 groups; control, steroid, exercise-trained and exercise-trained plus steroid groups. The exercise-trained and trained plus steroid groups, after one week of water adaptation, were exercised by jumping into water for 5 weeks. The steroid and trained plus steroid groups received nandrolone decanoate, for 5 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were monitored weekly. Heart weight / body weight ratio (HW/BW ratio) were determined. Serum testosterone, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cardiac caspase-3 activity and glycogen content were measured.Results: Compared with control, the steroid group had significantly higher blood pressure, HR, sympathetic nerve activity, testosterone level, HW/BW and cardiac caspase-3 activity. Histological examination revealed apoptotic changes and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. In exercise-trained group, cardiac glycogen, VEGF and testosterone levels were significantly higher while HR was significantly lower than control. HW/BW was more than control confirmed by hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes with angiogenesis on histological examination. Trained plus steroid group, had no change in HR, with higher blood pressure and HW/BW than control, cardiac glycogen and serum VEGF were higher than control but lower than exercisetrained group. Histological examination showed hypertrophy of cardiomyoctes with mild angiogenesis rather than apoptosis. Conclusion:When exercise is augmented with AAS, exercise-associated cardiac benefits may not be fully gained with potential cardiac risk from AAS if used alone or combined with exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood and Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Exercise Training and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Hemodynamics , Glycogen Content , Angiogenesis and Apoptosis of Cardiac Muscle in Adult Male Rats

Hassan¹,

Kamal²

2013

IJHS

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“…Association between AAS abuse and apoptosis has been studied in rat ventricular myocytes exposed with different doses of AAS and showed that AAS exposure results in dose-dependent myocardial apoptotic cell death [63]. In another animal study with rabbits that were treated with daily supraphysiological doses of AAS for 60 days, apoptotic lesions and higher caspase-3 activity were noticed in treated animals [64]. Fibrosis is known as a process leading to heart failure.…”

Section: Cardiac Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids: pathophysiology imaging

Golestani¹,

Slart²,

Dullaart

et al. 2012

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…11 Evidence of LV systolic dysfunction with AAS use has been evasive, 12 but recent studies using measures of myocardial strain 8,9 suggest that AAS also subtly impair cardiac systolic performance.…”

Section: Article See P 472mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Parker

Thompson

2010

Circ: Heart Failure

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T he use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among athletes is not new, nor is concern about their potential cardiac effects, but it has been difficult to definitively document deleterious cardiovascular effects from these drugs. There are case reports of unexpected myocardial infarctions 1 and even sudden cardiac death 2 in AAS users, but such reports are relatively rare given the reported widespread use of AAS. Moreover, their effects on cardiovascular risk factors are confusing. Oral synthetic steroids, such as stanozolol, reduce high-density lipoprotein and increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than parenterally administered testosterone at similar androgenic doses, 3 suggesting that oral AAS are more atherogenic, but both stanozolol 4 and testosterone 5 decrease lipoprotein (a), an important atherosclerotic risk factor. There is also concern that AAS increase blood pressure, but even the literature on this topic is equivocal, 6 and some of the purported increase in blood pressure with AAS may be due to the use of undersized sphygmomanometer cuffs in subjects with increased arm circumference. 7 Consequently, the overall clinical effect of AAS use on atherosclerotic risk and events is not clear. Article see p 472AAS have more consistently been shown to impair left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, 8 -10 and these clinical studies are supported by pathological evidence of increased myocardial collagen content after exposure to AAS. 11 Evidence of LV systolic dysfunction with AAS use has been evasive, 12 but recent studies using measures of myocardial strain 8,9 suggest that AAS also subtly impair cardiac systolic performance.In contrast to these subtle effects of AAS on systolic function, Baggish et al 13 in this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure present evidence that chronic, high-dose AAS use produces a dramatic impairment of LV systolic function. These authors recruited 19 male weightlifters, including 12 with prolonged AAS use. Recruitment was designed to minimize selection biases. Standardized questionnaires were used to determine participants' lifetime AAS exposure as well as their use of illicit drugs and other ergogenic drugs including growth hormone.The AAS users were remarkable for both their steroid dose and duration of use. For comparison, subjects in prior studies generally reported weekly AAS doses equivalent to 200 to 250 mg of testosterone, 3,7 whereas subjects in the present study reported a median weekly dose equivalent to 675 mg of testosterone. The present subjects also reported a median of almost 9 years of steroid use.These investigators confirmed the decreased early, and increased late, diastolic filling in the AAS users noted previously. LV hypertrophy did not differ between AAS users and control subjects. Both radial and longitudinal strain, measures of myocardial systolic function, were decreased in the AAS users, but more impressive was the decrease in LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Median LVEF was 51% in AAS users versus 59% in control subjects, and half of the AAS...

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Heart lesions associated with anabolic steroid abuse: Comparison of post-mortem findings in athletes and norethandrolone-induced lesions in rabbits

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Exercise Training and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Hemodynamics , Glycogen Content , Angiogenesis and Apoptosis of Cardiac Muscle in Adult Male Rats

Effect of Exercise Training and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Hemodynamics , Glycogen Content , Angiogenesis and Apoptosis of Cardiac Muscle in Adult Male Rats

Adverse cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids: pathophysiology imaging

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

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