Heart period and blood pressure characteristics in splanchnic arterial occlusion shock-induced collapse

Aletti, Federico; Gambarotta, Nicolò; Penn, Alexander H.; Ferrario, Manuela; Schmid‐Schönbein, Geert W.

doi:10.1007/s10877-015-9813-5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Cognitive–attentional processes influence cardiovascular function through baroreceptor function changes that are moderated by the type of cognitive process. Conversely, a difficult arithmetic task increases heart rate and blood pressure by reducing baroreceptor reflex, leading to a rise in cerebral blood flow velocity during the task [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Molecular to Functional Effects of Different Environmental Lead Exposure Paradigms

Shvachiy

Amaro-Leal

Outeiro

et al. 2022

Biology

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Lead is a heavy metal whose widespread use has resulted in environmental contamination and significant health problems, particularly if the exposure occurs during developmental stages. It is a cumulative toxicant that affects multiple systems of the body, including the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Chronic lead exposure has been defined as a cause of behavioral changes, inflammation, hypertension, and autonomic dysfunction. However, different environmental lead exposure paradigms can occur, and the different effects of these have not been described in a broad comparative study. In the present study, rats of both sexes were exposed to water containing lead acetate (0.2% w/v), from the fetal period until adulthood. Developmental Pb-exposed (DevPb) pups were exposed to lead until 12 weeks of age (n = 13); intermittent Pb exposure (IntPb) pups drank leaded water until 12 weeks of age, tap water until 20 weeks, and leaded water for a second time from 20 to 28 weeks of age (n = 14); and the permanent (PerPb) exposure group were exposed to lead until 28 weeks of age (n = 14). A control group (without exposure, Ctrl), matched in age and sex was used. After exposure protocols, at 28 weeks of age, behavioral tests were performed for assessment of anxiety (elevated plus maze test), locomotor activity (open-field test), and memory (novel object recognition test). Metabolic parameters were evaluated for 24 h, and the acute experiment was carried out. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram, and heart (HR) and respiratory (RF) rates were recorded. Baroreflex gain, chemoreflex sensitivity, and sympathovagal balance were calculated. Immunohistochemistry protocol for NeuN, Syn, Iba-1, and GFAP staining was performed. All Pb-exposed groups showed hypertension, concomitant with a decrease in baroreflex gain and chemoreceptor hypersensitivity, without significant changes in HR and RF. Long-term memory impairment associated with reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, indicating the presence of neuroinflammation, was also observed. However, these alterations seemed to reverse after lead abstinence for a certain period (DevPb) and were enhanced when a second exposure occurred (IntPb), along with a synaptic loss. These results suggest that the duration of Pb exposure is more relevant than the timing of exposure, since the PerPb group presented more pronounced effects and a significant increase in the LF and HF bands and anxiety levels. In summary, this is the first study with the characterization and comparison of physiological, autonomic, behavioral, and molecular changes caused by different low-level environmental lead exposures, from the fetal period to adulthood, where the duration of exposure was the main factor for stronger adverse effects. These kinds of studies are of immense importance, showing the importance of the surrounding environment in health from childhood until adulthood, leading to the creation of new policies for toxicant usage control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Molecular to Functional Effects of Different Environmental Lead Exposure Paradigms

Shvachiy

Amaro-Leal

Outeiro

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…HF increased in the De-Com phase of the HS group in agreement with other reports [ 12 ]. In addition, the contribution of the parasympathetic system to sudden cardiovascular collapse has been suggested in the splanchnic arterial occlusion method [ 24 , 25 ]. Besides, an increase in LF was observed in the De-Com phase of HS in our study, causing the LF/HF ratio to remain unchanged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability and pulmonary dysfunction in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock

Khodadadi

Bahaoddini

Tavassoli

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background The activity of autonomic nervous system and its association with organ damage have not been entirely elucidated in hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) and pulmonary gas exchange in hemorrhagic shock during unilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into groups of Sham, vagotomized (Vag), hemorrhagic shock (HS) and Vag + HS. HS was induced in conscious animals by blood withdrawal until reaching to mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 40 ± 5 mmHg. Then, it was allowed to MAP returning toward the basal values. MAP and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the experiments, HRV components of low (LF, sympathetic index), high (LH, parasympathetic index), and very low (VLF, injury index) frequencies and the LF/HF ratio calculated, and the lung histological and blood gas parameters assessed. Results In the initial phases of HS, the increase in HR with no change in MAP were observed in both HS and Vag + HS groups, while LF increased only in the HS group. In the second phase, HR and MAP decreased sharply in the HS group, whereas, only MAP decreased in the Vag + HS group. Meanwhile, LF and HF increased relative to their baselines in the HS and Vag + HS groups, even though the values were much pronounced in the HS group. In the third phase, HR, MAP, LF, HF, and the LF/HF ratio were returned back to their baselines in both HS and Vag + HS groups. In the Vag + HS group, the VLF was lower and HR was higher than those in the other groups. Furthermore, blood gas parameters and lung histology indicated the impairment of gas exchange in the Vag + HS group. Conclusions The sympathetic activity is predominant in the first phase, whereas the parasympathetic activity is dominant in the second and third phases of hemorrhagic shock. There is an inverse relationship between the level of VLF and lung injury in vagotomized animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock.

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“…Baseline respiratory rate was approximately 60 breaths/min to 70 breaths/min (1.0 Hz-1.2 Hz). Therefore, we defined HF power as power >0.75 Hz up to the Nyquist frequency of 2.5 Hz (14). Mayer waves corresponding to SNS efferent activity can be detected at $0.4 Hz in APV (but not HRV) in conscious rats (16).…”

Section: Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 2 to 3 h of occlusion, the remaining animals would start slowly decreasing pressure until death, suggesting the sympathetic signal was present but decreasing or the vasculature was losing the ability to respond. The incidence of acute death in SAO was increased with parasympathetic activators (8,14) and inhibited by parasympathetic inhibition, leading us to hypothesize that parasympathetic activity was forcing an increase in SNS signal output to compensate, resulting in SNS exhaustion and signal lapses.…”

Section: Decompensation Sympathetic Response Tourniquet Side Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin Saturated With Fatty Acids Prevents Decompensation in a Rat Hemorrhagic Shock Trauma Model With Tourniquet and Hypotensive Resuscitation

Penn¹,

Dubick

Filho

2020

Shock

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Decompensation is a major prehospital threat to survival from trauma/hemorrhage shock (T/HS) after controlling bleeding. We recently showed higher than expected mortality from a combat-relevant rat model of T/HS (27 mL/kg hemorrhage) with tourniquet (TQ) and permissive hypotensive resuscitation (PHR) with Plasmalyte. Mortality and fluid requirements were reduced by resuscitation with 25% albumin presaturated with oleic acid (OA-sat) compared with fatty-acid -free albumin or Plasmalyte. The objective of this follow-up analysis was to determine the role of decompensation and individual compensatory mechanisms in those outcomes. We observed two forms of decompensation: slow (accelerating fluid volumes needed to maintain blood pressure) and acute (continuous fluid administration unable to prevent pressure drop). Combined incidence of decompensation was 71%. Nearly all deaths (21 of 22) were caused by acute decompensations that began as slow decompensations. The best hemodynamic measure for predicting acute decompensation was diastolic arterial pressure. Decompensation was due to vascular decompensation rather than loss of cardiac performance. Albumin concentration was lower in decompensating groups, suggesting decreased stressed volume, which may explain the association of low albumin on admission with poor outcomes after trauma. Our findings suggest that acute decompensation may be common after trauma and severe hemorrhage treated with TQ and PHR and OA-sat albumin may benefit early survival and reduce transfusion volume by improving venous constriction and preventing decompensation.

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Heart period and blood pressure characteristics in splanchnic arterial occlusion shock-induced collapse

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

From Molecular to Functional Effects of Different Environmental Lead Exposure Paradigms

From Molecular to Functional Effects of Different Environmental Lead Exposure Paradigms

Heart rate variability and pulmonary dysfunction in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock

Albumin Saturated With Fatty Acids Prevents Decompensation in a Rat Hemorrhagic Shock Trauma Model With Tourniquet and Hypotensive Resuscitation

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