Heart rate modulations in overtraining syndrome

Stanojevic, Dejan; Stojanović-Tošić, Jelica; Đorđević, Dušica

doi:10.5937/sjecr14-4388

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

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“…Several studies have reported changes in vagal activity as the result of overreaching and overtraining, with depressions in vagal activity at rest being among the most observed [ 7 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It was hypothesized that the BB group may be more susceptible to overtraining due to the increases in resistance training and volume that occurs during the off-season phase, which may be reflected through HRV markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants

Kliszczewicz,

Wilner,

Canino

et al. 2024

Sports

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The off-season for natural bodybuilders (BB) is characterized by increased training loads and fluctuations in caloric intake, which may lead to insufficient recovery. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a pivotal role in recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resting ANS activity and recovery following a maximal exercise bout in off-season BB and compare them to those of recreationally active individuals. Fifteen males participated; 7 recreationally active (RA) (24.6 ± 2.1 years, 81.1 ± 10.8 kg) and 8 BB (21.8 ± 2.9 years, 89.3 ± 13.0 kg). Each performed a graded exercise test. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured at rest and during a 45 min recovery period. HRV was analyzed as: root mean square of successive differences (lnRMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal sinus beats (lnSDNN), high frequency (lnHF), low frequency (lnLF), and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (lnLF/lnHF). A one-way ANOVA showed no differences for any resting marker of HRV, HR, and HR recovery. A significant depression in all markers of HRV was observed in the BB group at the 15 min point, and no recovery was observed before 45 min when compared to RA. The results of this study demonstrated depressed HRV recovery following the graded exercise test in BB when compared to the RA group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants

Kliszczewicz,

Wilner,

Canino

et al. 2024

Sports

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Preventing chronic fatigue in Czech young athletes: The features description of the “SmartTraining” mobile application

Bernaciková

Kumstát²,

Burešová³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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This study describes a beta version of a mobile application (app) that focuses on preventing chronic fatigue in Czech youth athletes. The first version of the SmartTraining app was developed for athletes as a way to prevent chronic fatigue via alertness and education. For alertness, a multistage process was developed using a combination of parameters about training responses, such as tiredness, well-being, heart rate, energy balance and psychological, and health-related aspects. According to the combination of the multistage parameter outcomes, the algorithm classifies the risk of fatigue based on semaphore light: green corresponds to low, yellow to moderate and red to high risk. The education presented in the app consisted of written and “animated videos” material about the variables involved in training, such as training demands and athletes’ responses, regeneration, nutrition and communication between athletes, coaches, and parents. Subsequently, a beta version of the app was created and freely available to download for Android or iOS mobile. The app can be used in daily routines to reduce the risk of chronic fatigue from inadequate training dose response. Prevention can minimise the risk of injury or physical and emotional burnout in youth. Informing athletes on how to carefully handle the training factors can improve athletes’ awareness of their performance and health status. Collaboration between sports scientists and the commercial sector allows for the efficient development of an easy-to-use and low-cost tool for use in sports settings. Future steps should be performed to validate the app’s accuracy in its alertness and in the efficiency of the educational process.

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A Novel Metric “Exercise Cardiac Load” Proposed to Track and Predict the Deterioration of the Autonomic Nervous System in Division I Football Athletes

Wittels,

Renaghan,

Wishon

et al. 2023

JFMK

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Current metrics like baseline heart rate (HR) and HR recovery fail in predicting overtraining (OT), a syndrome manifesting from a deteriorating autonomic nervous system (ANS). Preventing OT requires tracking the influence of internal physiological loads induced by exercise training programs on the ANS. Therefore, this study evaluated the predictability of a novel, exercise cardiac load metric on the deterioration of the ANS. Twenty male American football players, with an average age of 21.3 years and body mass indices ranging from 23.7 to 39.2 kg/m2 were included in this study. Subjects participated in 40 strength- and power-focused exercise sessions over 8 weeks and wore armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor, Tiger Tech Solutions) equipped with electrocardiography capabilities. Exercise cardiac load was the product of average training HR and duration. Baseline HR, HR variability (HRV), average HR, and peak HR were also measured. HR recovery was measured on the following day. HRV indices assessed included the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (rMSSD) Linear regression models assessed the relationships between each cardiac metric and HR recovery, with statistical significance set at α < 0.05. Subjects were predominantly non-Hispanic black (70%) and aged 21.3 (±1.4) years. Adjusted models showed that exercise cardiac load elicited the strongest negative association with HR recovery for previous day (β = −0.18 ± 0.03; p < 0.0000), one-week (β = −0.20 ± 0.03; p < 0.0000) and two-week (β = −0.26 ± 0.03; p < 0.0000) training periods compared to average HR (βetas: −0.09 to −0.02; p < 0.0000) and peak HR (βetas: −0.13 to −0.23; p < 0.0000). Statistically significant relationships were also found for baseline HR (p < 0.0000), SDNN (p < 0.0000) and rMSSD (p < 0.0000). Exercise cardiac load appears to best predict ANS deterioration across one- to two-week training periods, showing a capability for tracking an athlete’s physiological tolerance and ANS response. Importantly, this information may increase the effectiveness of exercise training programs, enhance performance, and prevent OT.

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Heart rate modulations in overtraining syndrome

Abstract: Every sports training program includes a component of repetitive overloading, but with an inadequate recovery time, such overloading may produce undesired eff ects, such as chronic fatigue and a lack of performance improvement.

Cited by 4 publications

References 97 publications

Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants

Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants

Preventing chronic fatigue in Czech young athletes: The features description of the “SmartTraining” mobile application

A Novel Metric “Exercise Cardiac Load” Proposed to Track and Predict the Deterioration of the Autonomic Nervous System in Division I Football Athletes

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