Heart rate reactivity is associated with future cognitive ability and cognitive change in a large community sample

Ginty, Annie T.; Phillips, Anna C.; Der, Geoff; Deary, Ian J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.004

Cited by 30 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Blunted reactivity has been linked to a number of disorders and psychological states associated with deficits in emotional and motivational regulation such as depressive symptomatology (Carroll et al, 2007), disordered eating (Ginty et al, 2012), obesity (Carroll et al, 2008), and risk for addiction (Lovallo, 2007; Panknin et al, 2002). Further, blunted reactivity has been associated with a number of conditions that are associated with poor health including fibromyalgia (Reyes del Paso et al, 2010), fatigue (Peckerman et al, 2000), racial/ethnic discrimination (Salomon and Jagusztyn, 2008) and low cognitive ability (Ginty et al, 2011). Our findings provide some tentative support for motivational dysregulation in depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, reactivity above or below the average range may indicate poor health. This argument is based on emerging evidence that comparably low levels of reactivity in both the cardiovascular and HPA systems are related to a number of unhealthy states including obesity (Carroll et al, 2008), addiction (al'Absi et al, 2003; Panknin et al, 2002), disordered eating behavior (Ginty et al, 2012), exercise dependence (Heaney et al, 2011), fibromyalgia (Reyes del Paso et al, 2010) and fatigue among Veterans with Gulf War Illness (Peckerman et al, 2000), as well as states that confer risk for poor health such as racial/ethnic discrimination (Salomon and Jagusztyn, 2008) and low cognitive ability (Ginty et al, 2011). Further, curvilinear relationships between physiological and psychological phenomenon is not without precedent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is blunted cardiovascular reactivity in depression mood-state dependent? A comparison of major depressive disorder remitted depression and healthy controls

Salomon

Bylsma

White

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Prior work has repeatedly demonstrated that people who have current major depression exhibit blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute stressors (e.g., Salomon et al., 2009). A key question regards the psychobiological basis for these deficits, including whether such deficits are depressed mood-state dependent or whether these effects are trait-like and are observed outside of depression episodes invulnerable individuals. To examine this issue, we assessed cardiovascular reactivity to a speech stressor task and a forehead cold pressor in 50 individuals with current major depressive disorder (MDD), 25 with remitted major depression (RMD), and 45 healthy controls. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and impedance cardiography were assessed and analyses controlled for BMI and sex. Significant group effects were found for SBP, HR, and PEP for the speech preparation period and HR, CO, and PEP during the speech. For each of these parameters, only the MDD group exhibited attenuated reactivity as well as impaired SBP recovery. Reactivity and recovery in the RMD group more closely resembled the healthy controls. Speeches given by the MDD group were rated as less persuasive than the RMD or healthy controls' speeches. No significant differences were found for the cold pressor. Blunted cardiovascular reactivity and impaired recovery in current major depression may be mood-state dependent phenomena and may be more reflective of motivational deficits than deficits in the physiological integrity of the cardiovascular system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is blunted cardiovascular reactivity in depression mood-state dependent? A comparison of major depressive disorder remitted depression and healthy controls

Salomon

Bylsma

White

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Similarly, in a prospective cohort study in Scotland, lower CVR was a risk factor predicting future decline in reasoning and reaction time, and the relationship was stronger in old age relative to young and middle age groups (9). Reasoning, attention, and reaction time are components of executive function, which is a higher order cognitive system controlling multiple cognitive processes that regulate goal-directed behaviors and information organization (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The acute stressors used in the study were a series of acute laboratory-based mental stress tasks including a mental arithmetic task (Math) and a Stroop word-color task (Stroop). Executive function was assessed by five cognitive tests sharing different executive components, and independent of the acute mental stress tasks, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of executive function (9). We tested the following hypotheses: (1) greater CVR to the acute mental stress tasks is associated with better executive function; and (2) the association between CVR and executive function is moderated by the frequency of engagement in MSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Mentally Stimulating Activities Modifies the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Reactivity and Executive Function in Old Age

Lin¹,

Heffner²,

Mapstone³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objective Recent evidence suggests that younger- and middle-age adults who show greater cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to acute mental stress demonstrate better reasoning and memory skills. The purpose of this study was to examine whether older adults would show a similar positive association between CVR and executive function, and whether regular engagement in mentally stimulating activities (MSA) would moderate this association. Design Secondary cross-sectional analysis. Setting Three general clinical research centers located in the West Coast, Midwest, and East Coast. Participants 487 older adults participating in an on-going national survey. Measurements Heart rate (HR) and low (LF) and high frequency (HF) domains of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at baseline and in response to standard mental stress tasks (Stroop color word task and mental arithmetic). Executive function was measured separately from the stress tasks using five neuropsychological tests. MSA was measured by self-report frequency of six common mentally stimulating activities. Results Higher HR reactivity was associated with better executive function after controlling for demographic and health variables and baseline HR activity and the interaction between HR reactivity and MSA was significant for executive function. Higher LF-HRV reactivity was also associated with executive function, but subsequent analyses indicated that frequency of MSA was the strongest predictor of executive function in models that included LF- or HF-HRV. Conclusions Higher HR reactivity to acute psychological stress is related to better executive function in older adults. For those with lower HR reactivity, engaging frequently in MSA showed significant compensatory benefits for executive function.

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“…Results showed that low cognitive ability and slow RT were significant predictors of blunted heart rate stress reactivity after accounting for covariates including sociodemographics and medication use. In further analyses using a different age cohort (Ginty et al, 2011b), lower heart rate responses to acute stress were associated with slower RT at 5‐ and 12‐year follow‐up independent of covariates including baseline heart rate, socioeconomic position, and cohort type. Blood pressure responses to acute stress were not associated with RT in either study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Decreased reaction time variability is associated with greater cardiovascular responses to acute stress

et al. 2016

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Cardiovascular (CV) responses to mental stress are prospectively associated with poor CV outcomes. The association between CV responses to mental stress and reaction times (RTs) in aging individuals may be important but warrants further investigation. The present study assessed RTs to examine associations with CV responses to mental stress in healthy, older individuals using robust regression techniques. Participants were 262 men and women (mean age = 63.3 ± 5.5 years) from the Whitehall II cohort who completed a RT task (Stroop) and underwent acute mental stress (mirror tracing) to elicit CV responses. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability were measured at baseline, during acute stress, and through a 75‐min recovery. RT measures were generated from an ex‐Gaussian distribution that yielded three predictors: mu‐RT, sigma‐RT, and tau‐RT, the mean, standard deviation, and mean of the exponential component of the normal distribution, respectively. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was marginally associated with greater systolic (B = −.009, SE = .005, p = .09) and diastolic (B = −.004, SE = .002, p = .08) blood pressure reactivity. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was associated with impaired systolic blood pressure recovery (B = −.007, SE = .003, p = .03) and impaired vagal tone (B = −.0047, SE = .0024, p = .045). Study findings offer tentative support for an association between RTs and CV responses. Despite small effect sizes and associations not consistent across predictors, these data may point to a link between intrinsic neuronal plasticity and CV responses.

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Heart rate reactivity is associated with future cognitive ability and cognitive change in a large community sample

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

Is blunted cardiovascular reactivity in depression mood-state dependent? A comparison of major depressive disorder remitted depression and healthy controls

Is blunted cardiovascular reactivity in depression mood-state dependent? A comparison of major depressive disorder remitted depression and healthy controls

Frequency of Mentally Stimulating Activities Modifies the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Reactivity and Executive Function in Old Age

Decreased reaction time variability is associated with greater cardiovascular responses to acute stress

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