Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise and Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity in Children

Ohuchi, Hideo; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Yasuda, Kenji; Arakaki, Yoshio; Echigo, Shigeyuki; Kamiya, Tetsuro

doi:10.1203/00006450-200003000-00008

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The highfrequency (HF, 0.6-3.0 Hz) component, representing cardiac parasympathetic activity, and low-frequency (LF, 0.2-0.6 Hz) component, representing cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, were determined using the MATLAB program (Raher et al 2008). The LF:HF ratio was considered to be an indicator of cardiac sympathetic/ parasympathetic tone balance (Ohuchi et al 2000). An increased LF:HF ratio (i.e.…”

Section: Hrv Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocatechuic acid exerts a cardioprotective effect in type 1 diabetic rats

Semaming¹,

Kumfu²,

Pannangpetch³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetesinduced cardiac dysfunction. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound, a main metabolite of anthocyanin, which has been reported to display various pharmacological properties. We proposed the hypothesis that PCA exerts cardioprotection in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats. T1DM was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and groups of these animals received the following treatments for 12 weeks: i) oral administration of vehicle, ii) oral administration of PCA at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day, iii) oral administration of PCA at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day, iv) s.c. injection of insulin at a dose of 4 U/kg per day, and v) a combination of PCA, 100 mg/kg per day and insulin, 4 U/kg per day. Metabolic parameters, results from echocardiography, and heart rate variability were monitored every 4 weeks, and the HbA1c, cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac mitochondrial function, and cardiac BAX/BCL2 expression were evaluated at the end of treatment. PCA, insulin, and combined drug treatments significantly improved metabolic parameters and cardiac function as shown by increased percentage fractional shortening and percentage left ventricular ejection fraction and decreased low-frequency:high-frequency ratio in T1DM rats. Moreover, all treatments significantly decreased plasma HbA1c and cardiac MDA levels, improved cardiac mitochondrial function, and increased BCL2 expression. Our results demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, the efficacy of PCA in improving cardiac function and cardiac autonomic balance, preventing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and increasing anti-apoptotic protein in STZ-induced T1DM rats. Thus, PCA possesses a potential cardioprotective effect and could restore cardiac function when combined with insulin treatment. These findings indicated that supplementation with PCA might be helpful for the prevention and alleviation of cardiovascular complications in T1DM.

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Section: Hrv Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocatechuic acid exerts a cardioprotective effect in type 1 diabetic rats

Semaming¹,

Kumfu²,

Pannangpetch³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…5,13 In brief, after a 10-minute supine rest, ECG signals were recorded for 5 minutes, and beat-to-beat fluctuations were transformed into frequency domains by using a fast Fourier transformation. The spectral HRV was expressed as a low-frequency (LF) component (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and a highfrequency (HF) component (0.15 to 0.40 Hz), and their respective logarithmic values, log LF and log HF, were used.…”

Section: Measurement Of Hrv and Arterial Baroreflex Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Severely Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity After the Fontan Operation

et al. 2001

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Background-Elevated neurohumoral activity and an abnormal cardiopulmonary response to exercise are well-established characteristics in patients after the Fontan operation. However, there have been few studies addressing cardiac autonomic nervous activity (CANA) in these patients. Methods and Results-We evaluated CANA in 63 post-Fontan patients and 44 controls. Cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity (PSNA) was estimated by heart rate (HR) changes after cholinergic blockade, HR variability, and arterial baroreflex sensitivity. Cardiac sympathetic nervous activity was estimated by the heart to mediastinum [ 123 I]metaiodobenzylguanidine activity ratio (H/M) and the HR increase (⌬HR) after isoproterenol infusion (␤). ⌬HR and peak oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) were measured by exercise test. There was no difference in ␤ between the Fontan group and controls. PSNA and H/M were markedly lower than in controls (PϽ0.001). PSNA and ␤ were related to ⌬HR (PϽ0.05); however, peak V O 2 was not correlated with ⌬HR. Neither PSNA nor H/M was associated with clinical features, including hemodynamics, type of repair, number of surgical procedures, age at Fontan operation, or follow-up period, and administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor did not improve the impaired CANA in these patients. Conclusions-After the Fontan procedure, postsynaptic ␤-sensitivity is maintained and is important in ⌬HR during exercise as is PSNA, although ⌬HR does not determine exercise capacity. Key Words: heart defects, congenital Ⅲ nervous system, autonomic Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ heart rate Ⅲ Fontan procedure A bnormal hemodynamics, such as elevated systemic venous pressure and low cardiac output, causes an abnormal cardiorespiratory response to exercise, reduced exercise capacity, 1,2 and increased neurohumoral activity. 3,4 However, the influence of the Fontan operation on cardiac autonomic nervous activity (CANA) has never been evaluated precisely, although its abnormality can be anticipated because of the impaired heart rate (HR) response during exercise as observed after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. 5 We hypothesized that the type of surgical procedure influenced CANA in these patients and that they would have a significantly impaired CANA without subsequent improvement because of the palliative nature of the Fontan circulation. We also evaluated the influence of an angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), which improves HR variability (HRV) and the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure, 6,7 on CANA in these patients. Methods SubjectsWe studied 63 patients after the Fontan operation and 44 controls. Of the Fontan patients, a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) was created in 45 and an atriopulmonary connection (APC) in 18 (Table 1). Medications included digoxin (nϭ13), diuretics (nϭ31), and antiplatelet agents (nϭ31), and 4 were taking ACEIs. No patients were receiving chronotropic or antiarrhythmic medications, and 5 patients with significant arrhythmias, such as junctional rhythm or ventricular tachycard...

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“…Increased parasympathetic activity in children, paired with a decreased contribution of sympathetic activity compared to adults, may account for children's faster recovery (Ohuchi et al, 2000). Sex differences in HRR following maximal exercise have also been observed in children (Cumming et al, 1978;Pels et al, 1981;Washington et al, 1988;Wessel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Heart Rate Recoverymentioning

confidence: 76%

Relationships Between Physical Activity and Health Measures in Preschool Children

Gabel¹,

Proudfoot²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2012

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Physical activity (PA) in preschool children (3-to 5-year olds) is characterized by short bouts of intermittent movement, generally accumulated during free play activities. Little is known about how the amount of PA or the patterns of PA accumulation are related to health in preschoolers. Ninety-six healthy preschool children (46 boys, 50 girls; 4.4 ± 0.9 years) participated in assessments of PA, body composition, health-related fitness, blood pressure, and motor proficiency. PA data were collected for 7 consecutive days using Actigraph accelerometers. PA prevalence was assessed by the amount of total and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in min/day and as a % of wear; PA patterns were assessed by the frequency and duration of MVPA bouts and by the duration of breaks between MVPA. Younger preschoolers engaged in less PA than older preschoolers, according to measures of prevalence and patterns (p < 0.05). Girls participated in less PA, less frequent MVPA, and longer breaks between bouts of MVPA compared to boys (p ≤ 0.001, for all). Health-related fitness was higher in preschoolers who engaged in more total PA, more frequent bouts of MVPA, longer bouts of MVPA, and shorter breaks between bouts of MVPA (p < 0.05, for all). Blood pressure was higher in preschoolers taking longer breaks between bouts of MVPA (p < 0.05). Motor proficiency was poorer in preschoolers who participated in shorter bouts of MVPA (p < 0.001). Preschoolers who met current PA recommendations of 180 min of total PA and 60 min of MVPA daily had better body composition and health-related fitness, respectively, compared to their peers who did not meet recommendations (p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, these iv data are the first to provide support for new PA guidelines and to demonstrate relationships between PA and health-related fitness and blood pressure in preschoolers.Our findings indicate that PA patterns are just as important as PA prevalence in describing relationships between health measures in preschool children.v

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Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise and Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity in Children

Cited by 85 publications

References 23 publications

Protocatechuic acid exerts a cardioprotective effect in type 1 diabetic rats

Protocatechuic acid exerts a cardioprotective effect in type 1 diabetic rats

Severely Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity After the Fontan Operation

Relationships Between Physical Activity and Health Measures in Preschool Children

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