Heart rate response to post-learning stress predicts memory consolidation

Larra, Mauro F.; Schulz, André; Schilling, Thomas M.; Sá, Diana S. Ferreira de; Best, Daniel; Kozik, Bartlomiej; Schächinger, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.12.004

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…By contrast, no significant increases in cortisol could be observed after unilateral hand immersion. This fits in well with previous research reporting only mild (Larra et al, 2014) or absent (Duncko et al, 2009;McRae et al, 2006) cortisol responses to the classic CPT procedure. In fact, another modification of the standard CPT, the socially evaluated CPT (SECPT), has been proposed to selectively enhance cortisol responses (Minkley et al, 2014;Schwabe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced stress response by a bilateral feet compared to a unilateral hand Cold Pressor Test

Larra

Schilling

Röhrig

et al. 2015

Stress

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The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) is a frequently employed laboratory stress protocol. However, with many experimental designs the application in its classic form (immersion of the dominant hand into ice-water) is problematic as unilateral stimulation may need to be avoided and/or hands are required for further measurements. Here, we describe a simple modification of the classic CPT in which both feet are immersed into ice-water and compare the evoked neuroendocrine stress response to the classic CPT in a within-subjects design. Twenty-four healthy participants were exposed to each of both CPT versions on two subsequent days in randomized order. Heart rate, blood pressure, salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol were measured at baseline and during or after CPT exposition, respectively, along with subjective ratings of pain and stress. The bilateral feet CPT induced marked increases in all measured stress parameters. Moreover, with the exception of blood pressure, autonomic and endocrine responses were enhanced compared to the classic CPT. The bilateral feet CPT thus is a valid and simple modification and may be useful when the application of the classic CPT is unfeasible or a stronger neuroendocrine stress response is of interest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced stress response by a bilateral feet compared to a unilateral hand Cold Pressor Test

Larra

Schilling

Röhrig

et al. 2015

Stress

Self Cite

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“…The results show that engaging in playful activity for 30 minutes after successfully learning the task improved re-training performance, evidenced by fewer trials needed to meet task criteria 24 hours after initial acquisition. This significant difference between the two groups not only suggests that the intervention is affecting long-term memory rather than an improved short-term memory (Larra et al, 2014;Nielsen et al, 2005;Preuß and Wolf, 2009;Snigdha et al, 2014), but also that pleasant arousal post-learning has similar effects on enhancing memory in dogs as it does in humans (Esmaeili et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, heart rate has been shown to respond readily during stressful situations, reliably indicating arousal in dogs (Beerda et al, 1998). The importance of a high, compared to a low, heart rate response when experiencing a stressful stimulus and its positive effect on memory has recently been evaluated in humans (Larra et al, 2014). However, heart rate cannot be used to evaluate the different types and/or levels of stress (Beerda et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, enhanced recognition memory has also been found in people with a high heart rate response following a stressful event occurring shortly after learning (Larra et al, 2014). More specifically, it has been shown that adrenaline, beta adrenergic receptor activation and noradrenergic activation of the amygdala are essential to improve memorability of stressful situations, with specific beta receptor antagonist medication being able to block these positive effects of arousal on memory consolidation (Introini-Collison et al, 1992;Cahill et al, 1994;Nielson et al 1994;Roozendaal et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to point out that any kind of arousing intervention before and during learning can influence attention, coding and consolidation (Buchanan and Lovallo, 2001), however manipulation through an emotionally arousing event after learning allows for a clear attribution to consolidation mechanisms (Larra et al, 2014;Nielson and Powless, 2007). Thus, post-learning intervention is one effective way to selectively test effects of positive arousal on memory consolidation (Cahill and Alkire, 2003;Snighda et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Affenzeller

Palme

Zulch

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Highlights:• Enhancement of memory in dogs through post-learning activity was investigated• Playful activity post-learning improved memory in an object discrimination paradigm• Cortisol significantly decreased after play when compared to a control group• More studies are needed to evaluate implications for the field of dog training Situations that are emotional and arousing have an effect on cognitive performance. It is thought that beta adrenergic activation and the release of stress hormones enhance memory consolidation and lead to an increase in memorability of emotional events. This beneficial effect has been shown in humans, non-human primates and rodents. Techniques which could enhance memory for learning specific tasks would be highly valuable, especially in dogs, which are extensively trained to aid humans.A pseudo-randomised, counterbalanced, between subject study design was utilised and 16Labrador Retrievers ranging from 1-9 years of age were trained in a 2-choice discrimination paradigm. After task acquisition, either a playful activity intervention (N=8) or a resting period (N=8) took place, lasting for 30 minutes.A range of factors including age, sex, training experience and trials to criterion on each day was subjected to a multiple factor/covariate General Linear Model analysis. The results show that playful activity post-learning improved training performance evidenced by fewer trials needed to re-learn the task 24 hours after initial acquisition (playful activity group: mean number of trials 26, SD 6; resting group: mean number of trials 43, SD 19, effect size 1.2).Average heart rate, as a measure of arousal, during the intervention was significantly higher in the playful activity group (143 beats/min, SD 16) versus the resting group (86 beats/min, SD 19, P<0.001). Salivary cortisol did not significantly differ between groups during training, however a significant decrease (T: -4.1 P<0.01) was seen after the playful activity.To our knowledge this is the first evidence that post training activity may influence training performance in dogs.

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Cognition, Learning, and Behavior

Noakes¹,

Jones²

2016

Fish Physiology

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Heart rate response to post-learning stress predicts memory consolidation

Cited by 30 publications

References 74 publications

Enhanced stress response by a bilateral feet compared to a unilateral hand Cold Pressor Test

Enhanced stress response by a bilateral feet compared to a unilateral hand Cold Pressor Test

Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Cognition, Learning, and Behavior

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