Heart rate variability: A measure of cardiac autonomic tone

Stein, Phyllis K.; Bosner, Matthew S.; Kleiger, Robert E.; Conger, Brooke M

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(94)90059-0

Cited by 621 publications

(519 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Various spectral methods have been proposed for the calculation of cardiovascular measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic control in frequency domain, which can be used to separate the constituent band-limited components of the IBI signal (Stein et al, 1994).…”

Section: Methods Of Measurement and Analysis Of Hr And Hrv In Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pNN50 calculates the percentage of differences between successive IBIs over 24 h that are >50 ms and measures short-term HRV. These parameters are highly correlated with each other HR and HRV in dairy cattle research 321 and their values are determined by both sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation (Malik et al, 1996; von Borell et al, 2007b).Various spectral methods have been proposed for the calculation of cardiovascular measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic control in frequency domain, which can be used to separate the constituent band-limited components of the IBI signal (Stein et al, 1994).A fundamental hypothesis supporting the use of various spectral methods in HRV studies postulates that the two branches of the autonomic nervous system influence HR in a frequency-dependent way. Power spectral analysis provides basic information of how power (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Kovács

Jurkovich

Bakony³

et al. 2014

Animal

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Heart rate (HR) measurements have been used to determine stress in livestock species since the beginning of the 1970s. However, according to the latest studies in veterinary and behaviour-physiological sciences, heart rate variability (HRV) proved to be more precise for studying the activity of the autonomic nervous system. In dairy cattle, HR and HRV indices have been used to detect stress caused by routine management practices, pain or milking. This review provides the significance of HR and HRV measurements in dairy cattle by summarising current knowledge and research results in this area. First, the biological background and the interrelation of the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function, stress, HR and HRV are discussed. Equipment and methodological approaches developed to measure interbeat intervals and estimate HRV in dairy cattle are described. The methods of HRV analysis in time, frequency and non-linear domains are also explained in detail emphasising their physiological background. Finally, the most important scientific results and potential possibilities for future research are presented.Keywords: heart rate, heart rate variability, stress, welfare, dairy cattle ImplicationsHousing and milking technology, health status and way of handling of animals influence the well-being of animals in intensive dairy farming. Non-invasive methods of assessing stress include heart rate and heart rate variability measurements that involve the monitoring of the autonomic nervous function by digital, high frequency, 24 h multi-channel electrocardiographic recorders. As high-producing cattle breeds are very sensitive to environmental factors, monitoring and decreasing stress is of major importance in terms of both animal welfare and production. IntroductionIn intensive dairy farming, housing and milking systems are main factors in determining the welfare of animals, as adaptation to environmental changes can be challenging for high-producing breeds.Important aspects in the improvement of dairy cattle management systems in respect of animal welfare are the recognition and evaluation of stress. The stressfulness of the technological environment has been examined in many different contexts. Certain welfare studies proved that for intensively farmed cattle, the milking technology (Rushen et al., 2001;Wenzel et al., 2003), fear from given routine treatments (Holst, 1998) and pain (Broom, 1991;Mellor et al., 2000) mean such load that may cause stress (Dantzer and Mormède, 1983;von Borell, 2001) having a negative impact also on milk production (Rushen et al., 2001). Effects of technology and of social interactions can be described not only by classical descriptive behavioural observations (e.g. Milmann, 2013;Theurer et al., 2013), but with physiological measures as well (Hopster and Blokhuis, 1994;Rietmann et al., 2004). Most dairy cattle studies have focused on the stress reactions of animals expressed in neuroendocrine changes that are considered to be reliable indicators of stress and pain in livestock species (...

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Section: Methods Of Measurement and Analysis Of Hr And Hrv In Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Kovács

Jurkovich

Bakony³

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…We calculated the LF and HF ratio indicated by LFHFR to express the relative balance between sympathetic-vagal nervous activity (Stein et al, 1994).…”

Section: Hrv Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effect of ambient ozone on heart rate variability in healthy elderly subjects

Jia

Song

Shima

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Acute ambient ozone (O 3 ) exposure is associated with the increased mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. The dysfunction of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS), indicated by the disturbed heart rate variability (HRV), may be the most important underlying mechanism. Previous studies reported the heterogeneous associations between O 3 within several hours' exposure and HRV on general elderly subjects, in which poor surrogate of exposure evaluation and different health status of the subjects may be responsible for the heterogeneous associations. No studies were found focusing on the O 3 -mediated HRV effects within several minutes' exposure on healthy older subjects until recently. We measured the real-time 5-min ambient O 3 concentration and HRV frequency indices in 20 healthy elderly subjects in two surveys, with the 1st and 2nd survey in summer and winter, respectively. Mixed-linear model was used to evaluate the associations between the ambient 5-min average O 3 and concurrent 5-min HRV frequency indices measured during the outdoor period. After adjusting the co-pollutants (ambient PM 2.5 and nitrogen oxides concentrations) and subject characteristics, high frequency (HF) changed -4.87% (95% CI -8.62 to -0.97%) per 10 ppb increment of O 3 , whereas decreased low frequency (LF) and increased LFHFR were found to be marginally associated with the elevated O 3 (P values were 0.092 and 0.069). We concluded that the ambient O 3 exert transient decrease effects on HRV, which may induce acute cardiac events.

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“…We did not use this parameter because of considerable controversies regarding heart rate variability in stress analysis. Although some authors suggest heart rate variability is the most objective and reliable noninvasive methodology available for accessing psychologic stress [20,28,29], others claim it is a gross oversimplification because results of reliability studies are heterogeneous and depend on many factors, which is why the analysis of heart rate variability as a direct window to autonomic tone is problematic [25,27] and contains as much prognostic information as a simple heart rate measurement [1,18,31].…”

Section: £0031mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopaedic Surgeons' Cardiovascular Response During Total Hip Arthroplasty

Bergovec

Orlić

2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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The literature contains limited and contradictory information regarding the amount of physical effort and/or emotional stress needed to perform surgery. We therefore investigated cardiovascular response to psychophysical stress in orthopaedic surgeons while they were performing surgery. We monitored 29 male orthopaedic surgeons from four university centers while they performed total hip arthroplasties. Changes in their cardiovascular parameters were recorded by ambulatory monitoring methods. Exercise stress testing of each participant was used as a control state. We compared the cardiovascular response during surgery to energy requirements of everyday activities. Preoperative and postoperative testing showed lower values of cardiovascular parameters than during physically less difficult parts of the operation; physically more difficult phases of the operation additionally increased the values of parameters. We concluded performing total hip arthroplasty increases surgeons' cardiovascular parameters because of psychologic stress and physical effort. Excitement of the cardiovascular system during total hip arthroplasty appears similar to the excitement during moderate-intensity daily activities, such as walking the dog, leisurely bicycling, or climbing stairs.

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Heart rate variability: A measure of cardiac autonomic tone

Cited by 621 publications

References 28 publications

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Welfare implication of measuring heart rate and heart rate variability in dairy cattle: literature review and conclusions for future research

Acute effect of ambient ozone on heart rate variability in healthy elderly subjects

Orthopaedic Surgeons' Cardiovascular Response During Total Hip Arthroplasty

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