Heart rate variability comparison between young males after 4–6 weeks from the end of SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls

Soliński, Mateusz; Pawlak, Agnieszka; Petelczyc, Monika; Buchner, Teodor; Aftyka, Joanna; Gil, Robert; Król, Zbigniew; Żebrowski, Jan J.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12844-8

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Lastly, decreased SD2 and increased DFA2 from the nonlinear analyses in our study indicate a more ordered (i.e., less random) pattern in beat-to-beat intervals (Shaffer & Ginsberg, 2017). This observed reduction in the complexity within the time-series was also noted in a previous case-control study, though with different nonlinear metrics (Solinski et al, 2022), and may be interpreted as another finding potentially indicative of ANS dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors. Even where significant between-group differences in our study were not observed, it is interesting to consider the COVID survivors' HRV data in relation to normative values and to the CON cohort.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Heart rate variability is reduced in COVID‐19 survivors and associated with physical activity and fatigue

Haischer,

Opielinski,

Mirkes

et al. 2024

Physiological Reports

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Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and fatigue are common after COVID‐19 infection and both are potentially influenced by physical activity (PA). We compared resting HRV, PA from accelerometers and questionnaires, and self‐reported fatigue in 41 COVID‐19 survivors (~8 months postinfection, 38 ± 17 years) with 41 matched controls. Differences in HRV were observed on acceleration capacity (p = 0.041), deceleration capacity (p = 0.032), high‐frequency peak frequency (p = 0.019), absolute low‐frequency power (p = 0.042), relative very low‐frequency power (p = 0.012), SD2 (from Poincare plot; p = 0.047), and DFA2 (slope of long‐term detrended fluctuation analysis; p = 0.004). Fatigue was greater in COVID‐19 survivors (p < 0.001) with no differences in PA. Moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (Standardized Beta = −0.427, p = 0.003) and steps per day (Standardized Beta = −0.402, p = 0.007) were associated with DFA2 in COVID‐19 survivors after controlling for age, sex, and body fat percentage. Fatigue was correlated to less MVPA (Spearman's rho = 0.342, p = 0.031) and fewer steps per day (rho = 0.329, p = 0.038) in COVID‐19 survivors, and was indirectly linked to HRV through these PA mediators (Estimate = −0.20; p = 0.040). We present a model showing the complex relations between HRV, PA, and fatigue that provides the foundation for strategies to improve outcomes and rehabilitation after COVID‐19 infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Heart rate variability is reduced in COVID‐19 survivors and associated with physical activity and fatigue

Haischer,

Opielinski,

Mirkes

et al. 2024

Physiological Reports

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“…Previous studies show that an elevated sympathetic drive can impede the FMD response (Hijmering et al, 2002; Thijssen et al, 2006). Likewise, a lower heart‐rate‐variability in individuals with a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but displaying mild symptoms, compared with healthy, control counterparts (Kurtoglu et al, 2022; Solinski et al, 2022). Furthermore, persistent sympathetic overactivation (66% higher MSNA) along with blunted vascular function (45% lower FMD) have been observed cross‐sectionally among older adults who were hospitalized with COVID‐19 and were studied 1 year after infection compared to well‐matched control subjects (Faria et al, 2022), further suggesting long‐lasting autonomic dysfunction among those previously infected with COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking peripheral vascular function for six months in young adults following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Province

Szeghy

Stute

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to instigate a range of physiologic perturbations, including vascular dysfunction. However, little work has concluded how long these effects may last, especially among young adults with mild symptoms. To determine potential recovery from acute vascular dysfunction in young adults (8 M/8F, 21 ± 1 yr, 23.5 ± 3.1 kg⋅m −2 ), we longitudinally tracked brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia (RH) in the arm and hyperemic response to passive limb movement (PLM) in the leg, with Doppler ultrasound, as well as circulating biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-6, Creactive protein), oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl), antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase), and nitric oxide bioavailability (nitrite) monthly for a 6-month period post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. FMD, as a marker of macrovascular function, improved from month 1 (3.06 ± 1.39%) to month 6 (6.60 ± 2.07%; p < 0.001). FMD/Shear improved from month one (0.10 ± 0.06 AU) to month six (0.18 ± 0.70 AU; p = 0.002). RH in the arm and PLM in the leg, as markers of microvascular function, did not change during the 6 months (p > 0.05). Circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide bioavailability did not change during the 6 months (p > 0.05). Together, these results suggest some improvements in macrovascular, but not microvascular function, over 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data also suggest persistent ramifications for cardiovascular health among those recovering from mild illness and among young, otherwise healthy adults with SARS-CoV-2.

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“…In order to provide evidence in favor of the dysautonomia hypothesis, we investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in both the time and frequency domains by performing a non-invasive study of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in long COVID-19 patients. HRV [31][32][33][34][35] is a legitimate dysautonomia diagnosis. It is possible that HRV may be a useful tool for examining the neuroimmune systems and inflammatory processes of long COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Autonomic Function in Long COVID-19 Using Heart Rate Variability: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Menezes¹,

Schröeder²,

Botelho³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Heart rate variability is a non-invasive, measurable, and established autonomic nervous system test. Long-term COVID-19 sequelae are unclear; however, acute symptoms have been studied. Objectives: To determine autonomic cardiac differences between long COVID-19 patients and heathy controls and evaluate associations among symptoms, comorbidities, and laboratory findings. Methods: This single-center study included long COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The heart rate variability (HRV), a quantitative marker of autonomic activity, was monitored for 24 h using an ambulatory electrocardiogram system. HRV indices were compared between case and control groups. Symptom frequency and inflammatory markers were evaluated. The significance level of 5% (p-value 0.05) was adopted. Results: A total of 47 long COVID-19 patients were compared to 42 healthy controls. Patients averaged 43.8 (SD14.8) years old, and 60.3% were female. In total, 52.5% of patients had moderate illness. Post-exercise dyspnea was most common (71.6%), and 53.2% lacked comorbidities. COVID-19 patients had 4 times more dyslipidemia. CNP, D-dimer, and CRP levels were elevated (p-values of 0.0098, 0.0023, and 0.0015, respectively). The control group had greater SDNN24 and SDANNI (OR = 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99; p = 0.01)). Increased low-frequency (LF) indices in COVID-19 patients (OR = 1.002 (1.0001 to 1.004; p = 0.030)) and high-frequency (HF) indices in the control group (OR = 0.987 (0.98 to 0.995; p = 0.001)) were also associated. Conclusions: Patients with long COVID-19 had lower HF values than healthy individuals. These variations are associated with increased parasympathetic activity, which may be related to long COVID-19 symptoms and inflammatory laboratory findings.

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Heart rate variability comparison between young males after 4–6 weeks from the end of SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Heart rate variability is reduced in COVID‐19 survivors and associated with physical activity and fatigue

Heart rate variability is reduced in COVID‐19 survivors and associated with physical activity and fatigue

Tracking peripheral vascular function for six months in young adults following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Cardiac Autonomic Function in Long COVID-19 Using Heart Rate Variability: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

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