Heartland Virus Exposure in White-Tailed Deer in the Southeastern United States, 2001–2015

Clarke, Lorelei L.; Ruder, Mark G.; Mead, Daniel G.; Howerth, Elizabeth W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0555

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Suffolk County deer seropositive rates were similar to those reported in Vermont (10%), Maine (11%), and Florida (4%) deer (12). The rates are lower than those reported for deer tested in midwestern and southeastern states, areas with burgeoning populations of A. americanum ticks (10,11). To date, no competent vertebrate host, including deer, has been implicated in HRTV amplification (15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Heartland Virus Transmission, Suffolk County, New York, USA

Dupuis¹,

Prusinski²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…White–tailed deer are a sensitive sentinel model for many arboviruses, given their abundance, limited home range, and the frequency on which they are fed upon by hematophagous arthropods ( 10 , 11 , 14 ). Approximately 10% of the deer sampled during this study were seropositive against HRTV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartland Virus Transmission, Suffolk County, New York, USA

Dupuis¹,

Prusinski²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…White-tailed deer are a sensitive sentinel model for many arboviruses because of their overall abundance and distribution, small home ranges, and the frequency on which they are fed upon by ticks and other hematophagous arthropods ( 14 , 15 ). Seroprevalence in Suffolk County deer (66.5%) was higher than that reported in North Carolina deer (56%), but lower than deer harvested in Missouri (86%) ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bourbon Virus Transmission, New York, USA

Dupuis¹,

Prusinski²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2023

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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B ourbon virus (BRBV; genus Thogotovirus, family Orthomyxoviridae) is a suspected tickborne human pathogen isolated in 2014 from a patient residing in Bourbon County, Kansas, USA (1). BRBV is closely related to Oz virus, which was isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium ticks in Japan (2,3). Since the initial discovery of BRBV, human cases have been identified in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma (4). The Amblyomma americanum lone star tick has been identified as the likely vector of BRBV transmission and maintenance (5,6). Small and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds such as wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are hosts for the immature ticks. Adults feed on large mammals, such as coyotes (Canis latrans) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). All 3 active developmental stages of the tick will bite humans (7). Virus detection in ticks and serologic evidence in mammalian hosts, including white-tailed deer, have been demonstrated in Missouri, Kansas, and North Carolina (6,8-10). The StudyIn July 2019, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) epidemiologists were notified that BRBV RNA was detected in an individual, partially engorged female A. americanum tick removed from a Long Island, New York, resident. Comprehensive testing performed through the University of Massachusetts TickReport service (https://www.tickreport.com) revealed the tick was also positive for Ehrlichia ewingii bacteria. Notes on the tick submission form indicated the person was experiencing fever, chills, and fatigue; officials with NYSDOH and Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) attempted to contact the resident for a follow-up investigation. No additional information was provided, and no blood samples were available to assess potential infection with BRBV.In 2016, NYSDOH and SCDHS initiated active tick surveillance targeting A. americanum ticks for BRBV and Heartland virus (HRTV). HRTV-infected ticks and seropositive deer were detected on Long Island in 2018 and reported in 2021 (11). We used standardized flag sampling for the collection of hostseeking A. americanum ticks on public lands in Suffolk County. During 2016-2020, a total of 1,265 pools, representing 4,189 adults, 7,227 nymphs, and 97 larvae, tested negative for BRBV RNA by real-time reverse transcription PCR using an in-house multiplex assay to detect HRTV and BRBV (11). The BRBV primers for this assay were designed based on the St. Louis strain (GenBank accession no. MK453528) (12). During 2021, we expanded sampling for A. americanum ticks on Long Island to collect a greater number of ticks from more locations, and we modified molecular detection protocols to use BRBV-specific primers developed at TickReport (Table 1). We designed BRBV-specific primers based on the original virus strain deposited in GenBank (accession no. KU708254) (13). We collected a total of 1,058 pools, consisting of 4,406 adults

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“…White-tailed deer are a sensitive sentinel model for many arboviruses given overall abundance and distribution, small home ranges, and the frequency on which they are fed upon by ticks and other hematophagous arthropods (14, 15). Suffolk County deer seropositivity (66.5%) was higher than the seroprevalence reported in North Carolina deer (56%), but lower than deer harvested in Missouri (86%) (8, 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%