Heartwood extractives and natural durability of plantation-grown teakwood (Tectona grandis L.)?a case study

Haupt, Matthias; Leithoff, H.; Meier, Dan; Puls, Jürgen; Richter, Hans; Faix, O.

doi:10.1007/s00107-003-0428-z

Cited by 98 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…This can be applied to heartwood, but not sapwood. Many studies have demonstrated that extractives such as tectoniquinone, naphthoquinone, and extractives soluble in petroleum-ether, methanol, acetone/water, and ethanol/water affect decay resistance in heartwood, and they vary from pith to bark (Haupt et al, 2003;Lukmandaru and Takahashi, 2008;Thulasidas and Bhat, 2007). Sapwood decay resistance is more complex, and we found that L * and a * were correlated with T. versicolor attack and a * was correlated only with P. sanguineus (Tab.…”

Section: Relation Between Colour and Decay Resistancementioning

confidence: 65%

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Moya

Berrocal

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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To cite this version:Róger Moya, Alexander Berrocal. Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2010, 67 (1), <10.1051/forest/2009088>. Ann. For. Sci. 67 (2010) • With the purpose of understanding the colour variation, different fast-growth plantations were sampled with different growth rates, tree ages, and sites.• Wood colour was measured with a CIELab system, where three variables are estimated: coordinate L * for lightness, coordinate a * defines redness and coordinate b * defines yellowness.• Results showed only a negative correlation between L * and a * . L * and a * were negatively and positively respectively correlated with pith distance in heartwood, but not for b * . No correlations were found between L * and b * in sapwood and plantation characteristics, while a * was positively correlated with age and height of tree and growth rate. In heartwood, tree age and diameter at breast height were correlated with all colour parameters, but tree height and plantation density were correlated with a * and b * . Cluster site had correlation with L * . Multiple correlation analysis showed that the heartwood is increasing darker (L * ) and redder (a * ) when the trees are older and bigger. Correlation coefficient shown that sapwood and heartwood with lighter colour (L * ) is less resistance to fungal attack, but redness colour (a * ) increasing decay resistance. Mots-clés :CIELab / bois tropicaux / Tectona grandis / aubier / bois de coeur / plantations Résumé -Les variations de couleur dans l'aubier et le duramen de jeunes arbres de Tectona grandis, en relation avec les caractéristiques des plantations, du site et de la durabilité.• Il y a une grande variabilité de la couleur du bois de Tectona grandis produit à partir de plantations à croissance rapide et les causes de ces variations sont relativement inconnues.• Pour comprendre l'origine des variations de couleur nous avons échantillonné dans des plantations à croissance rapide qui diffèrent entre elles en termes de vitesse de croissance, d'âge et de site.• La couleur du bois a été mesurée avec le système CIELab qui permet la mesure de trois variables colorimétriques : la luminance L * allant du noir au blanc, a * et b * allant respectivement du vert au rouge et du bleu au jaune.• Les résultats montrent une corrélation négative entre L * et a * . Dans le bois le coeur il y a une corrélation négative entre L * et la distance à la moelle et une corrélation positive entre a * et la distance à la moelle : aucune corrélation n'apparaît pour b * .

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Section: Relation Between Colour and Decay Resistancementioning

confidence: 65%

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Moya

Berrocal

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Natural durability is undoubtedly derived from the wood's extractives. Quinones and their derivatives have been reported to act against termite and fungal attacks (Rudman and Gay 1961;Sandermann and Simatupang 1966;Haupt et al 2003;Sumthong et al 2006;Thulasidas and Bhat 2007). Windeisen et al (2003) detected some terpenes and toxic quinones in teakwood by petroleum ether and acetone in successive extractions.…”

Section: Extractive Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Teak Wood Attacked by Neotermes tectonae

Lukmandaru¹

2015

BioResources

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The teak trees in certain areas of Java Island are frequently attacked by Neotermes tectonae termites. Trees attacked by this species have a tumor-like growth in the stem that can be easily identified in the field. This study evaluated the chemical properties of the attacked wood. Based on a visual inspection, the type of attacks were classified as either type I, if included phloem was formed in the heartwood, or type II, which was distinguished by the softened and hollowed areas in the heartwood. For each type, three trees were cut along with a healthy tree for comparison. Comparison among type I, type II, and normal tree tissues showed huge differences in hemicellulose and extractive contents, composition of ethanol-toluene soluble extracts, ash/acid insoluble ash contents, and pH values. Comparing the two types of abnormalities along the radial direction, significant differences were observed in the cellulose contents. The lowest values of both sugars were obtained in the soft part of type II. Further, the levels of ethanol-toluene soluble extracts and their fractions (mainly low-polarity fractions) were affected by the radial direction. No significant differences in radial direction were found in the inorganic materials levels or in pH values.

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“…67 (2010) 504 A. Mohareb et al losses recorded after 12 weeks exposure. As observed for other wood species, natural durability is attributed to the presence of extractives, which act as biocides to prevent wood biodegradation (Celimene et al, 1999;Daniels and Russels, 2007;Haupt et al, 2003;Lukmandaru and Takahashi, 2009;Neya et al, 2004;Reyes Chilpa et al, 1998;Windeisen et al, 2002). To confirm the effect of the extractives on wood durability, fungal growth inhibition assays were conducted.…”

Section: Effect Of Extractives On Natural Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of extractives on conferred and natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica heartwood

Mohareb

Sirmah

Desharnais³

et al. 2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Identification of extractives present in Cupressus lusitanica heartwood has been conducted using GC-MS analyses. The chromatogram of toluene/ethanol extracts indicated the presence of large amounts of benzaldehyde and numerous terpenic compounds such as cedrol, agathadiol, epimanool, bornyl acetate, α-cedrene and β-cedrene.• The effect of these extractives on the natural durability of cypress wood was investigated on heart wood blocks exposed to pure culture of Poria placenta before or after solvent extraction. Weight losses revealed severe fungal degradations on the extracted blocks compared to unextracted ones.• Efficiency of heartwood extractives as inhibitors of the growth of Poria placenta on malt/agar test confirms their contribution to cypress natural durability.• Cypress blocks were treated at 240 • C for different times to reach different levels of thermodegradation to evaluate effect of heat treatment on fungal durability. Results indicate that evaporation of volatile extractives during the first few minutes of heat treatment contribute to decreased wood durability, while longer treatment times lead to the expected improvement of durability.• This study suggests that the content of extractives, which may be modified during wood drying or weathering processes, could be the origin of the conflicting data described in the literature concerning cypress natural durability. Mots-clés :Cupressus lusitanica / durabilité / extractibles / traitement thermique / pourriture Résumé -Effet des extractibles sur la durabilité naturelle du duramen de cyprès.• Les extractibles présents dans le duramen de Cupressus lusitanica ont été analysés par GC-MS. Le chromatogramme des extraits obtenus à l'aide d'un mélange toluène/éthanol met en évidence des quantités importantes de benzaldéhyde et de nombreux composés terpéniques comme le cédrol, l'agathadiol, l'épimanool, l'acétate de bornyl, l'α-cédrène et le β-cédrène.• L'effet des extractibles sur la durabilité naturelle du cyprès a été évalué à l'aide d'essais réalisés sur des blocs préalablement extraits ou non puis exposés à Poria placenta. Les pertes de masse mettent en évidence une dégradation importante des échantillons extraits comparativement aux témoins non extraits.• L'efficacité des extractibles comme inhibiteur de croissance de Poria placenta a été évaluée. Les résultats indiquent une forte inhibition du développement fongique.• Des blocs de cyprès ont été traités à 240 • C pendant des temps variables pour atteindre différents niveaux de thermo-dégradation. L'évaporation des extractibles volatils durant la première phase du traitement thermique conduit à une diminution de la durabilité du bois aux agents de pourriture, alors que des traitements plus longs conduisent à l'augmentation de durabilité attendue.• Cette étude suggère que la teneur en extractibles, susceptible de varier suite au séchage ou aux intempéries, peut être à l'origine des observations contradictoires rapportées dans la littérature concernant la durabilité naturelle du cyprès.

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Heartwood extractives and natural durability of plantation-grown teakwood (Tectona grandis L.)?a case study

Cited by 98 publications

References 3 publications

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Chemical Characteristics of Teak Wood Attacked by Neotermes tectonae

Effect of extractives on conferred and natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica heartwood

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