Heat Acclimation by Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion: Reduction of Thermal Strain During Morning and Afternoon Exercise-Heat Stress After Morning Hot-Water Immersion

Zurawlew, Michael J.; Mee, Jessica A.; Walsh, Neil P.

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0620

Cited by 25 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Hot water immersion studies of untrained men show successful HA by alternating days of 30-60 minutes of hot water immersion (40-44°C) with training in the heat over 2-3 weeks [66,67], hot water immersion before exercise in the heat [72], or hot water immersion after exercise in temperate conditions [68]. These studies indicate that the volume of exercise in the heat can be reduced and still produce HA adaptations on par with~5 days of HA [17], regardless of time of day [73].…”

Section: Exercise Modementioning

confidence: 84%

Application of evidence-based recommendations for heat acclimation: Individual and team sport perspectives

et al. 2018

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Heat acclimation or acclimatization (HA) occurs with repeated exposure to heat inducing adaptations that enhance thermoregulatory mechanisms and heat tolerance leading to improved exercise performance in warm-to-hot conditions. HA is an essential heat safety and performance enhancement strategy in preparation for competitions in warm-to-hot conditions for both individual and team sports. Yet, some data indicate HA is an underutilized pre-competition intervention in athletes despite the well-known benefits; possibly due to a lack of practical information provided to athletes and coaches. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide actionable evidence-based implementation strategies and protocols to induce and sustain HA. We propose the following suggestions to circumvent potential implementation barriers: 1) incorporate multiple induction methods during the initial acclimation period, 2) complete HA 1-3 weeks before competition in the heat to avoid training and logistical conflicts during the taper period, and 3) minimize adaptation decay through intermittent exercise-heat exposure or re-acclimating immediately prior to competition with 2-4 consecutive days of exercise-heat training. Use of these strategies may be desirable or necessary to optimize HA induction and retention around existing training or logistical requirements.

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Section: Exercise Modementioning

confidence: 84%

Application of evidence-based recommendations for heat acclimation: Individual and team sport perspectives

et al. 2018

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“…plasma volume expansion) [114]. Contrary to the notion of a fixed clock time for adaptation, it has been reported that when implementing a post-exercise HWI model for inducing HA, morning HA induced adaptations at rest and during exercise-heat stress in both the morning and mid-afternoon [96]. It was noted that adaptation to the T CORE threshold for sweating onset was similar in the morning and afternoon, this was alongside reductions in resting and exercising T CORE , HR, RPE, and TS of a similar magnitude, irrespective of the time-of-day.…”

Section: Do Athletes Need To Train In the Heat Every Day?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Further to chamber-based HA protocols, alternate, cheaper and more accessible methods are now acknowledged as methods for passive (e.g. hot water bath) [95][96][97][98] and active HA strategies (e.g. overdressing and restricting heat loss during routine training) [99][100][101].…”

Section: Should the Athlete Undertake Acclimatization Or Acclimation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive strategies include; residing in simulated heat stress in environmental chambers [16,[117][118][119], wearing restricted heat loss attire (e.g. over dressing in heat stress) [120], wearing water-perfused suits [109,121], sauna exposures [95,122] or hot water immersion (HWI) [96][97][98]112,123,124], all of which "raise and maintain" a moderately high T CORE (e.g. 38.0-38.5°C) alongside high T SKIN (>38.5°C).…”

Section: Passive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review of passive methods [125] concluded that these strategies can be used to induce heat adaptations, such as a reduced resting and/or exercising T CORE [96][97][98]119,121,124], T SKIN [96,98,121], and HR [96,98,118,126]. Passive methods for HA also improve sweat onset thresholds and enhance sweat capacity [98,127].…”

Section: Passive Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat alleviation strategies for athletic performance: A review and practitioner guidelines

et al. 2019

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International competition inevitably presents logistical challenges for athletes. Events such as the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games require further consideration given historical climate data suggest athletes will experience significant heat stress. Given the expected climate, athletes face major challenges to health and performance. With this in mind, heat alleviation strategies should be a fundamental consideration. This review provides a focused perspective of the relevant literature describing how practitioners can structure male and female athlete preparations for performance in hot, humid conditions. Whilst scientific literature commonly describes experimental work, with a primary focus on maximizing magnitudes of adaptive responses, this may sacrifice ecological validity, particularly for athletes whom must balance logistical considerations aligned with integrating environmental preparation around training, tapering and travel plans. Additionally, opportunities for sophisticated interventions may not be possible in the constrained environment of the athlete village or event arenas. This review therefore takes knowledge gained from robust experimental work, interprets it and provides direction on how practitioners/coaches can optimize their athletes' heat alleviation strategies. This review identifies two distinct heat alleviation themes that should be considered to form an individualized strategy for the athlete to enhance thermoregulatory/performance physiology. First, chronic heat alleviation techniques are outlined, these describe interventions such as heat acclimation, which are implemented pre, during and posttraining to prepare for the increased heat stress. Second, acute heat alleviation techniques that are implemented immediately prior to, and sometimes during the event are discussed.

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Physiological Considerations for Paratriathlon Training and Competition

Stephenson

Goosey-Tolfrey

2019

Triathlon Medicine

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Heat Acclimation by Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion: Reduction of Thermal Strain During Morning and Afternoon Exercise-Heat Stress After Morning Hot-Water Immersion

Abstract: Morning heat acclimation by postexercise HWI induced adaptations at rest and during exercise-heat stress in the morning and midafternoon.

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Application of evidence-based recommendations for heat acclimation: Individual and team sport perspectives

Application of evidence-based recommendations for heat acclimation: Individual and team sport perspectives

Heat alleviation strategies for athletic performance: A review and practitioner guidelines

Physiological Considerations for Paratriathlon Training and Competition

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