With the development of large-scale building structures and complex structures such as hydraulic engineering and marine engineering (ME), their health during work is related to the vital interests of all parties. The combination of environmental corrosion, material aging, long-term effects of loads, and fatigue factors will cause structural damage, reduce the ability of the structure to resist external influences, and inevitably lead to a decline in the safety of structural performance. ME structures have been operating in harsh marine environments for a long time. Using intelligent monitoring technology to process monitoring signals can invert the damage status of the structure, or use a variety of information to evaluate the overall safety of the structure. The main purpose of this paper is to study the ecological problems in ME construction based on fuzzy identification. Based on fuzzy identification technology, this paper analyzes and studies the environmental risk events existing in the whole process of ME from planning, design, construction and operation, and establishes the risk assessment method and process for the environmental impact of ME construction. Experiments show that ME mainly affects the marine ecological environment from the following four aspects: 1) The occupation of engineering sediment and the impact of dredging operations on benthic organisms; 2) The impact of underwater blasting operations on aquatic organisms; 3) Suspended matter The impact on the marine ecological environment; 4) The impact of domestic sewage, machine sewage and other pollutants on the marine ecological environment.