“…This is because with ambient temperature of -7 ℃ and supply water temperature of 41 ℃, the predicted coefficient of performance was 1.04 and 1.06 for R134a-DMF and R161-DMF, respectively. The frost prediction indicated that at the time of 3,600 s, the thickness of the frost layer in the heavy frost area was 0.94mm, with a total frost mass of 3,995 g. Compared with the initial stage, the sensible and latent heat transfer rates decreased by 22…”