Heat and mass transport in developing chars

Staggs, J.E.J.

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00185-x

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…If the pore size is relatively small, then at elevated temperatures radiation across the pores contributes an additional heat flux to conduction that may be accounted for using a temperature-dependent correction to the thermal conductivity. It may be shown that the overall thermal conductivity including the radiation correction for small pores may be written approximately as [7,8] …”

Section: Heat Transfer Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Characterization of the Thermal Performance of Static Porous Insulation Layers on Steel Substrates in Furnace Tests

Staggs

2010

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The thermal performance of insulated steel plates in standard furnace tests is analyzed numerically. The effect of internal radiation heat transfer across the pores of the insulation layer is also estimated and included in the analysis. It transpires that for a fixed heating regime and substrate, the thermal performance of an insulation layer depends on three dimensionless heat transfer parameters corresponding to the furnace Biot number, the ratio of the thermal diffusion timescale in the insulation to the test duration, and the ratio of radiation heat flux to conduction heat flux across a pore. Furthermore, a method for characterizing the heat transfer environment within the furnace is also discussed.KEY WORDS: insulation, furnace test, steel fire protection. NOMENCLATURE c ¼ Specific heat capacity (Jkg

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Section: Heat Transfer Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Characterization of the Thermal Performance of Static Porous Insulation Layers on Steel Substrates in Furnace Tests

Staggs

2010

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…Henderson et al [12] and Vovelle et al [13] were among the first researchers who formulated and implemented numerical pyrolysis models, and applied them to the analysis of experiments on simple polymers and composites. Subsequent studies by Di Blasi [14] and Staggs [15] extended applicability of these models to lignocellulosic materials and charring thermoplastics. Stoliarov and Lyon [8,9] and Lautenberger and Fernandez-Pello [10] were among the first to develop generalized pyrolysis modeling codes capable of simulation of a wide range of degradation, Fire Technology 2015 smoldering and flaming combustion scenarios with a customizable level of complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization and Validation of Pyrolysis Models for Polymeric Materials

Stoliarov

2015

Fire Technol

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A methodology for parameterization of pyrolysis models for polymeric solids is proposed. This methodology is based on a series of experiments including thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared radiation absorption measurement and controlled atmosphere, radiation-driven gasification experiments involving simultaneous sample mass and temperature monitoring. These experiments are interpreted using a transient pyrolysis model run in an infinitely fast (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) transport modes to derive a complete property set. This property set is subsequently validated by comparing the mass loss rate histories obtained from the gasification experiments to the model predictions. For a range of previously studied materials, these predictions were found to be, on average, within 10 to 20% of the experimental values. This manuscript provides an overview of this methodology, accompanied by examples of its application, identifies its imitations and suggests paths for future development.

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“…Several studies previously conducted have successfully modelled mass loss and heat release histories of charring and non-charring polymers exposed to external heat flux [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward halogen-free flame resistant polyethylene extrusion coated paper facings

Pawelec

Tirri

Aubert

et al. 2015

Progress in Organic Coatings

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Wire and cable coverings are potentially a major cause of fire in buildings and other installations. As they need to breach fire walls and are frequently located in vertical ducting, they have significant potential to increase the fire hazard. It is therefore important to understand the ignition and burning characteristics of cables by developing a model capable of predicting their burning behaviour for a range of scenarios. The fire performance of electrical cables is usually dominated by the fire performance of the sheathing materials. The complexity of the problem increases when cable sheathing incorporates fire retardants. One-dimensional pyrolysis models have been constructed for cable sheathing materials, based on milligram-scale and bench-scale test data by comparing the performance of three different software tools (ThermaKin, Comsol Multiphysics and FDS, version 6.0.1).Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were conducted on powdered cable coatings to determine the thermal degradation mechanism, the enthalpy of decomposition reactions, and the heat capacities of all apparent species. The emissivity and the in-depth absorption coefficient were determined using reflectance and transmittance measurements, with dispersive and non-dispersive spectrometers and integrating spheres.Bench-scale tests were conducted with a mass loss calorimeter flushed with nitrogen on samples in a horizontal orientation, for comparison with the pyrolysis model of non-flaming decomposition at an external heat flux of 50 kW m -2 . The parameters determined through analysis of the milligram-scale data were used to construct a pyrolysis model that predicted the total mass loss from calorimeter tests in anaerobic conditions. A condensed phase pyrolysis model that accurately predicts in-depth temperature profiles of a solid fuel, and the mass flux of volatiles evolved during degradation of the fuel, is an essential component of a comprehensive fire model, which when coupled to a computational fluid dynamics code can be used to predict the burning processes in a fire scenario. Pyrolysis models vary considerably in complexity based on the assumptions incorporated into the development of the model.

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Heat and mass transport in developing chars

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Numerical Characterization of the Thermal Performance of Static Porous Insulation Layers on Steel Substrates in Furnace Tests

Numerical Characterization of the Thermal Performance of Static Porous Insulation Layers on Steel Substrates in Furnace Tests

Parameterization and Validation of Pyrolysis Models for Polymeric Materials

Toward halogen-free flame resistant polyethylene extrusion coated paper facings

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