Heat and ultraviolet light treatment of colostrum and hospital milk: Effects on colostrum and hospital milk characteristics and calf health and growth parameters

Teixeira, A.G.V.; Bicalho, M.L.S.; Machado, V.S.; Oikonomou, Georgios; Kaçar, Cihan; Foditsch, Carla; Young, Ralph H.; Knauer, W. A.; Nydam, D.V.; Bicalho, R.C.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.032

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The UVC used in the trials had the same UV light (45 J/cm 2 ) and followed the similar dosage protocol recommended for the UV Pure system (GEA Farm Technologies), a commercially available machine to treat milk using UV light. Similar to our findings, a field trial by Teixeira et al (2013) using the UV Pure system to treat hospital milk from 1 dairy observed significant reductions in bacterial counts, with logarithmic reductions in bacterial colony counts for total bacterial count, E. coli , Staph. aureus , and Streptococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Evaluation of the effects of ultraviolet light on bacterial contaminants inoculated into whole milk and colostrum, and on colostrum immunoglobulin G

Pereira

Bicalho

Machado

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Raw milk and colostrum can harbor dangerous micro-organisms that can pose serious health risks for animals and humans. According to the USDA, more than 58% of calves in the United States are fed unpasteurized milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV light on reduction of bacteria in milk and colostrum, and on colostrum IgG. A pilot-scale UV light continuous (UVC) flow-through unit (45 J/cm2) was used to treat milk and colostrum. Colostrum and sterile whole milk were inoculated with Listeria innocua, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Acinetobacter baumannii before being treated with UVC. During UVC treatment, samples were collected at 5 time points and bacteria were enumerated using selective media. The effect of UVC on IgG was evaluated using raw colostrum from a nearby dairy farm without the addition of bacteria. For each colostrum batch, samples were collected at several different time points and IgG was measured using ELISA. The UVC treatment of milk resulted in a significant final count (log cfu/mL) reduction of Listeria monocytogenes (3.2 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Salmonella spp. (3.7 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), Escherichia coli (2.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), Staph. aureus (3.4 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Streptococcus spp. (3.4 ± 0.4 log cfu/mL reduction), and A. baumannii (2.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of milk did not result in a significant final count (log cfu/mL) reduction for M. smegmatis (1.8 ± 0.5 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of colostrum was significantly associated with a final reduction of bacterial count (log cfu/mL) of Listeria spp. (1.4 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Salmonella spp. (1.0 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), and Acinetobacter spp. (1.1 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), but not of E. coli (0.5 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Strep. agalactiae (0.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), and Staph. aureus (0.4 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of colostrum significantly decreased the IgG concentration, with an observed final mean IgG reduction of approximately 50%. Development of new methods to reduce bacterial contaminants in colostrum must take into consideration the barriers imposed by its opacity and organic components, and account for the incidental damage to IgG caused by manipulating colostrum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…aureus , and Streptococcus spp. of 5.2, 1.2, 0.2, and 2.4, respectively (Teixeira et al, 2013). Teixeira et al (2013) concluded that overall heat treatment of hospital milk was more effective than UV treatment in decreasing bacterial counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effects of ultraviolet light on bacterial contaminants inoculated into whole milk and colostrum, and on colostrum immunoglobulin G

Pereira

Bicalho

Machado

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…ferrin, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme were at least partially destroyed during pasteurization and spray-drying (15,20,26,45). Similar to WMP, pasteurization and spray-drying are normally applied as part of IF production processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike breast milk, both DM and IF normally undergo various milk processing procedures. Examples of these processes include pasteurization and spray-drying, which are potentially damaging to protein-and peptide-based milk growth and immune factors, including IgA, IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase (11,14,15,20,26,33,45).Performing randomized clinical trials with preterm infants is difficult, and the use of limited human colostrum for animal studies is equally difficult. We therefore used a well-established pig model of preterm infants (36) to investigate how the stage of lactation and milk processing would affect the bioactivity of BM to mature and protect the immature gut.…”

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Raw bovine milk improves gut responses to feeding relative to infant formula in preterm piglets

Jensen

Chatterton

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Kvistgaard AS, Sangild PT. Raw bovine milk improves gut responses to feeding relative to infant formula in preterm piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 306: G81-G90, 2014. First published October 24, 2013 doi:10.1152 doi:10. /ajpgi.00255.2013 neonates, the quality of the first milk is crucial for intestinal maturation and resistance to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Among other factors, milk quality is determined by the stage of lactation and processing. We hypothesized that unprocessed mature bovine milk (BM; raw bovine milk) would have less bioactivity than corresponding bovine colostrum (BC) in a preterm pig model, but have improved bioactivity relative to its homogenized, pasteurized, spray-dried equivalent, whole milk powder (WMP), or a bovine milk proteinbased infant formula (IF). For 5 days, newborn preterm pigs received parenteral and enteral nutrition consisting of IF (n ϭ 13), BM (n ϭ 13), or BC (n ϭ 14). In a second study, WMP (n ϭ 15) was compared with IF (n ϭ 10) and BM (n ϭ 9). Compared with pigs fed IF, pigs that were fed BM had significantly improved intestinal structure (mucosal weight, villus height) and function (increased nutrient absorption and enzyme activities, decreased gut permeability, nutrient fermentation, and NEC severity). BC further improved these effects relative to BM (lactase activity, lactose absorption, plasma citrulline, and tissue interleukin-8). WMP induced similar effects as BM, except for lactase activity and lactose absorption. In conclusion, the maturational and protective effects on the immature intestine decreased in the order BCϾBMϾWMP, but all three intact bovine milk diets were markedly better than IF. The stage of lactation (colostrum vs. mature milk) and milk processing (e.g., homogenization, fractionation, pasteurization, spray-drying) are important factors in determining milk quality during the early postnatal period of preterm neonates. colostrum; mature milk; processing; preterm; intestinal maturation PRETERM NEONATES HAVE AN IMMATURE intestine that exhibits compromised nutrient absorption, reduced intestinal barrier function, and suboptimal immune responses toward microbes and food antigens (32). Consequently, preterm infants are very sensitive to enteral feeding and more prone to gastrointestinal complications, the most severe one of which is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Early introduction of enteral feeding is beneficial for intestinal maturation and protection against NEC, but the quality of the diet may critically affect these positive effects. For example, the feeding of mother's milk matures the preterm gut and reduces the risk of NEC relative to bovine milk-based infant formula (IF) and possibly also banked donor milk (22,29,34,39,40). Donor milk (DM) is normally obtained at a relatively late stage of lactation, and therefore may not be appropriate as the first diet, when infants are supposed to receive mother's colostrum. Colostrum is the first milk after parturition (1-3 days) and contains trophic factors and immunoregulatory facto...

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Human Milk and Premature Infant: Focus on Use of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk in NICU

Underwood

Scoble

2015

Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Heat and ultraviolet light treatment of colostrum and hospital milk: Effects on colostrum and hospital milk characteristics and calf health and growth parameters

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of the effects of ultraviolet light on bacterial contaminants inoculated into whole milk and colostrum, and on colostrum immunoglobulin G

Evaluation of the effects of ultraviolet light on bacterial contaminants inoculated into whole milk and colostrum, and on colostrum immunoglobulin G

Raw bovine milk improves gut responses to feeding relative to infant formula in preterm piglets

Human Milk and Premature Infant: Focus on Use of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk in NICU

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