Heat budget for a shallow, sinuous salt marsh estuary

McKay, Paul; Iorio, Daniela Di

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.04.008

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Prior to this instrument failure, the surface and bottom measurements indicated that the system was vertically well mixed for both temperature and salinity at all times with the differences showing a random distribution and being below the noise threshold of each sensor. As this agrees with the authors' observations during two previous mooring experiments at this location in the Duplin River [ McKay and Di Iorio , 2008] we have chosen to treat the surface values as being indicative of the entire water column. While rain events likely introduced some short‐lived stratification to the water column we were not able to measure this.…”

Section: Experimental Programsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The nearest significant side creek, Barn Creek, is located nearly an entire tidal excursion from the mooring location, thus making it unlikely that it plays a role in enhancing dispersion through tidal trapping in the lower Duplin. While there are intertidal marshes bordering the mooring site there is also extensive hard upland, associated with Sapelo Island and several marsh hammocks, or isolated areas of hard upland, which have been shown to greatly reduce the effects of the intertidal areas on local processes, especially as compared to areas further upstream [ McKay and Di Iorio , 2008]. Due to these considerations it is reasonable to neglect the contributions of channel edge effects and tidal trapping to the along channel dispersion for the lower Duplin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek

McKay

Iorio

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] An experimental study of vertical mixing and along-channel dispersion parameterized in terms of horizontal mixing near the mouth of the Duplin River (a tidal creek bordered by extensive intertidal salt marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia) was carried out over several spring/neap cycles in the fall of 2005. Vertical mixing is modulated on both M4 and fortnightly frequencies with maximum turbulent stresses being generated near the bed on periods of maximum flood and ebb and propagating into the water column showing a linear dependence with depth. Values are significantly greater on spring tide than on neap. Horizontal mixing evaluated by salt fluxes is driven and dominated by tidal dispersion, which is also modulated by the fortnightly spring/neap cycle. Net export of salt from the lower Duplin is shown to be due to residual advection modified by upstream tidal pumping. The tidal dispersion coefficient exhibits a pulsating character with greater values on spring tide followed by smaller values on neap tide.

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Section: Experimental Programsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek

McKay

Iorio

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Otherwise, if the suspended material is not bright or the TSM concentration is less than 50 g m −3 , the effort and expense of collecting the albedo data should be weighed against the acceptable error for the project. For example, in a 3‐D heat budget of the Duplin River, which has highly turbid, brown water, there was an unexplained residual heat storage term (McKay & Di Iorio, ). It is possible that variations in albedo could account for part of that residual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers making observations of highly turbid or optically shallow systems have taken various approaches to estimating albedo: either accepting the error in net surface heat flux as a result of using Payne (), modifying existing albedo parameterizations, or measuring albedo directly at their study sites. For example, Payne () was used to calculate net surface heat flux in a three‐dimensional heat budget of the Duplin River in Georgia, despite the “high turbidity and generally brown color of the water” (McKay & Di Iorio, ). When calculating the heat budget for the optically shallow coral reef platforms in the eastern Red Sea, Davis et al () referred to HydroLight modeling and hyperspectral reflectance measurements over coral sand by Maritorena et al () and, as a result, added 0.10 to the Payne () albedo values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of a Sandy Substrate, Seagrass, or Highly Turbid Water on Albedo and Surface Heat Flux

et al. 2018

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Sea‐surface albedo is a combination of surface‐reflected and water‐leaving irradiance, but water‐leaving irradiance typically contributes less than 15% of the total albedo in open‐ocean conditions. In coastal systems, however, the bottom substrate or suspended particulate matter can increase the amount of backscattered light, thereby increasing albedo and decreasing net shortwave surface heat flux. Here a sensitivity analysis using observations and models predicts the effect of light scattering on albedo and the net shortwave heat flux for three test cases: a bright sand bottom, a seagrass canopy, and turbid water. After scaling to the full solar shortwave spectrum, daytime average albedo for the test cases is up to 0.20 and exceeds the value of 0.05 predicted using a commonly applied parameterization. Daytime net shortwave heat flux into the water is significantly reduced, particularly for waters with bright sediments, dense horizontal seagrass canopies < 0.25 m from the sea surface, or highly turbid waters with suspended particulate matter concentration ≥ 50 g m−3. Observations of a more vertical seagrass canopy within 0.2 and 1 m of the surface indicate the increase in albedo compared to the common parameterization is negligible. Therefore, we suggest that the commonly applied albedo lookup table can be used in coastal heat flux estimates in water as shallow as 1 m unless the bottom substrate is highly reflective or the water is highly turbid. Our model results provide guidance to researchers who need to determine albedo in highly reflective or highly turbid conditions but have no direct observations.

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“…Finally, water temperature transport is controlled by river flow (advection) and tidal currents (dispersion). McKay and DiIorio (2008) identified distinct sections of a tidal creek with a different mix of temperature drivers depending on tidal creek morphology and tidal communication with the adjacent bay. Along-creek temperature gradients are tidally mixed by bathymetry and curvatureinduced lateral and vertical water column shear (Rattray and Dworski 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad Timescale Forcing and Geomorphic Mediation of Tidal Marsh Flow and Temperature Dynamics

Enright

Culberson

Burau

2013

Estuaries and Coasts

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Tidal marsh functions are driven by interactions between tides, landscape morphology, and emergent vegetation. Less often considered are the diurnal pattern of tide extremes and seasonal variation of solar insolation in the mix of tidal marsh driver interactions. This work demonstrates how high-frequency hydroperiod and water temperature variability emerges from disparate timescale interactions between tidal marsh morphology, tidal harmonics, and meteorology in the San Francisco Estuary. We compare the tidal and residual flow and temperature response of neighboring tidal sloughs, one possessing natural tidal marsh morphology, and one that is modified for water control. We show that the natural tidal marsh is tuned to lunar phase and produces tidal and fortnight water temperature variability through interacting tide, meteorology, and geomorphic linkages. In contrast, temperature variability is dampened in the modified slough where overbank marsh plain connection is severed by levees. Despite geomorphic differences, a key finding is that both sloughs are heat sinks in summer by latent heat flux-driven residual upstream water advection and sensible and long-wave heat transfer. The precession of a 335-year tidal harmonic assures that these dynamics will shift in the future. Water temperature regulation appears to be a key function of natural tidal sloughs that depends critically on geomorphic mediation. We investigate approaches to untangling the relative influence of sun versus tide on residual water and temperature transport as a function of system morphology. The findings of this study likely have ecological consequences and suggest physical process metrics for tidal marsh restoration performance.

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Heat budget for a shallow, sinuous salt marsh estuary

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek

Cycle of vertical and horizontal mixing in a shallow tidal creek

The Influence of a Sandy Substrate, Seagrass, or Highly Turbid Water on Albedo and Surface Heat Flux

Broad Timescale Forcing and Geomorphic Mediation of Tidal Marsh Flow and Temperature Dynamics

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