Heat capacity of liquid hafnium from the melting point to the boiling point at atmospheric pressure

Abstract

The spectroscopic and probe methods are used to measure the microscopic parameters of plasma of pulsed and stationary transverse discharges in a supersonic air jet flowing into a submerged space. The measurements are performed for the Mach number of flow M = 2, submerged space pressure p = 5 to 30 kPa, degree of the jet being off-design n ≈ 2, and discharge current I = 1 to 10 A. The discharge current dependences of the average values of gas temperature, charged particle concentration, and reduced electric field are measured for a discharge mode close to that of current generator. The measured values of gas temperature lie in the range of 1 to 3 kK, those of charged particles concentration -of 10 13 to 10 14 cm -3 , and of reduced electric field -of 40 to 20 Td. The axial distribution of temperature is characterized by high values of temperature even at short distances from the electrodes and by a slow decrease along the flow.