“…In arid and semi-arid zones of tropical and subtropical regions with low organic matter content and sandy in nature, soil moisture retention and soil thermal regulation is an important aspect of crop establishment as high soil heat stress may damage seedling emergence and root growth, and thereby crop growth and development (Adak et al, 2012a;Meena et al, 2012). Under normal conditions, farmers try to regulate soil heat balance by applying irrigation, mulching, improving drainage condition and adding organic fertilizers in order to prevent reflection of heat from soil, to preserve heat and soil moisture and to provide appropriate temperature for seed germination (Nabi and Mullins, 2008;Shekhawat et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2007). Inadequate soil temperature delays germination, which results in retarded maturity and reduces the quality and quantity of the product.…”