Heat Generated during Dental Implant Placement: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Osseointegration is fundamental to achieving successful implant therapy in dentistry. However, the heat generated during implant placement emerges as a critical factor predisposing to implant failure. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the different factors related to heat generation during implant placement, offering insights to clinicians in their daily clinical practice. Methods: Utilizing the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, we conducted an electronic search for articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. The analysis focused on several factors including bone type, drill shape, drill speed, drill material, drilling force, osteotomy depth, drill load, drilling technique (intermittent or continuous), presence of a surgical guide, irrigation methods, drill wear, and preparation tools available. Results: Initially, 2525 records were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and full-text assessment, 93 articles were included in this scoping review. Additionally, some articles published before 2013 were incorporated in the bibliography to ensure completeness of the review. Conclusions: Heat generation during implant placement arises from a complex interplay of multiple factors. While irrigation and bone hardness appear to be crucial determinants of heat generation during the osteotomy phase, the involvement of other factors remains less clear. Further studies are needed to better understand the precise contribution of these factors towards increasing temperature at the implant site.