Heat-killed Bacillus subtilis inhibits T-cell proliferative response to mitogens and recall antigens

Gao, Jing; Caruso, Arnaldo; Francesco, Maria Antonia De; Canaris, A. D.; Licenziati, Stefano; Corulli, M.; Dima, Francesco; Fallacara, Francesca; Savio, Letizia; Martinelli, F.; Fiorentini, Simona; Gargiuld, Francesco; Turano, A

doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(97)85552-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We used two different mitogens, and hence mechanisms, to activate cytokine production in the Jurkat cells. By including ConA and PMA+IoM we were looking at both TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways for IL-2 transcription and production [21,23]. IL-2 suppression by the plant sterols occurred in cells stimulated with PMA+IoM or ConA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jurkat cells have long served as a human T cell model for different immunological studies and the use of mitogens such as concanavalin A (ConA) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+IoM) have been employed to induce cytokine production in this cell model [17 -22]. PMA+IoM has been reported to activate IL-2 gene expression by a mechanism different from that of ConA [23]. ConA works via the T-cell receptor (TCR) -CD3 complex resulting in subsequent (indirect) activation of both calcineurin and protein kinase C (PKC) in Jurkat cells [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of cytokine production by plant sterols in stimulated human Jurkat T cells

Aherne¹,

O’Brien²

2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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The plant sterols campesterol, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol were investigated for potential immunomodulatory effects in Jurkat T cells. Treatments involved supplementing cells with or without concanavalin A (ConA) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+IoM) in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations (10-100 microM) of each plant sterol for 24 h. None of the plant sterols significantly affected mitogen-stimulated IL-4, IL-10 or IFN-gamma production. However, campesterol, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol significantly suppressed mitogen-induced IL-2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Both bisindolylmaleimide-I (BIM-I), a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and the immunosuppressant drug known as Tacrolimus (FK506), an IL-2 inhibitor, prevented mitogen-stimulated IL-2 production in Jurkat cells. Treatment with PMA+IoM alone significantly increased PKC activity and the presence of BIM-I prevented PKC activation by PMA+IoM. Following 24 h treatments, the plant sterols did not affect PMA+IoM-enhanced PKC activity, cellular calcium content or calcineurin activity. Intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were significantly reduced by PMA+IoM. The presence of FK506 prevented a PMA+IoM-induced reduction of intracellular cAMP. Likewise the plant sterols behaved in a similar manner as FK506. Our findings suggest that the suppression of IL-2 by the plant sterols was not mediated via PKC inhibition and that their effects occurred possibly via cAMP modulation and/or a calcium/calcineurin-independent pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of cytokine production by plant sterols in stimulated human Jurkat T cells

Aherne¹,

O’Brien²

2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…The most extensively studied G + bacterium is B. subtilis. Research focused on its effect on T cells (Rasanen et al 1982;Caruso et al 1993;Gao et al 1996) is highly heterogeneous in both experimental conditions and it is therefore difficult to compare data of these authors with our investigation. The important contribution of Hessle et al (2000) (who made a screening of the capacities of G + and Gbacteria to induce IL-10 and IL-12) suggested that G + bacteria induce cytotoxicity and IFN-J secretion by T cells and NK cells, a cytokine pattern that promotes T H 1 effector function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Role of T cells in the adjuvant effect ofbacillus firmus on the immune system of mice: Intranasal and intratracheal immunization study with ovalbumin

et al. 2003

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Functions of T cells were determined after intranasal and intratracheal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and Bacillus firmus (Bf), a Gram-positive nonpathogenic bacterium of the external environment, or delipidated Bf (dBf) as adjuvants, with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of support of Ova-specific antibody production caused by Bf that had been observed in an identical experiment. Neither Bf nor dBf in a mixture with Ova stimulated Ova-specific T-cell response tested as antigen-specific blast transformation. By contrast, a mild polyclonal stimulation was observed in splenocytes from mice given dBf. In vitro incubation of splenocytes with 100 micrograms (but not 10 micrograms) of Bf or dBf led to a highly significant inhibition of proliferation below the control level in all groups of animals. Supernatants of splenocyte cultures were further tested for cytokine production. IL-10 and IFN-gamma were released after in vitro challenge with dBf and in some cases also with Bf. Analysis of sera demonstrated that administration of Ova + adjuvant brought about an increase in anti-Ova IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b whereas treatment with Ova alone caused a rise in IgG1 only. The role of Bf or dBf in the enhancement of antigen-specific antibody production could be in influencing macrophages and inducing cytokine milieu composed of IL-10, IFN-gamma and other factors that leads to a bystander stimulation of specifically activated Ova-B cell receptor (Ova-BCR)-bearing cells.

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“…13,14 Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore, which can activate calcineurin directly. 15,16 PKC activity was enhanced by the presence of PMA/ ionomycin in the EL-4 T cells. However, we found that a 6 h treatment with scopoletin markedly reduced the level of p-PKC in PMA/ionomycin-induced EL-4 T cells in a dose dependent manner (Fig.…”

Section: Inhibition Of P-pkc By Scopoletinmentioning

confidence: 93%

Scopoletin attenuates allergy by inhibiting Th2 cytokines production in EL-4 T cells

Cheng

Chang

2012

Food Funct.

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Scopoletin is an antioxidant found in certain weedy plants. It exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-diabetic activities. It remains unknown whether scopoletin regulates T helper (Th) cells, including Th 1 and Th 2 cells. We found that scopoletin significantly inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-induced interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-10 production in EL-4 T cells. In addition, scopoletin significantly enhanced the inhibitory action of PMA/ionomycin on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. In EL-4 T cells, PMA/ionomycin treatment markedly increased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and GATA-3; in contrast, scopoletin significantly down-regulated expressions of these transcription factors. Furthermore, this downregulation depended on protein kinase C (PKC) attenuation. This leads us to suggest that the anti-allergic properties of scopoletin might be mediated by the downregulation of cytokine expression in Th 2 cells.

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Heat-killed Bacillus subtilis inhibits T-cell proliferative response to mitogens and recall antigens

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Modulation of cytokine production by plant sterols in stimulated human Jurkat T cells

Modulation of cytokine production by plant sterols in stimulated human Jurkat T cells

Role of T cells in the adjuvant effect ofbacillus firmus on the immune system of mice: Intranasal and intratracheal immunization study with ovalbumin

Scopoletin attenuates allergy by inhibiting Th2 cytokines production in EL-4 T cells

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