Heat of the moment: extreme heat poses a risk to bee–plant interactions and crop yields

Walters, Jenna; Zavalnitskaya, Jennifer; Isaacs, Rufus; Szendrei, Zsofia

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2022.100927

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…However, we cannot rule out altered interactions with pollinators or herbivores (Walters et al, 2022).…”

Section: Metapopulations Experience Variation In the Consequences Of ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower

McDonald,

Scharnagl,

Turcu

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change, but the demographic and evolutionary consequences of heat waves are rarely investigated in herbaceous plant species. We examine the consequences of a short but extreme heat wave in Oregon populations of the common yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) by leveraging a common garden experiment planted with range‐wide populations and observational studies of 11 local populations. In the common garden, 89% of seedlings died during the heat wave including >96% of seedlings from geographically local populations. Some populations from hotter and drier environments had higher fitness, however, others from comparable environments performed poorly. Observational studies of local natural populations drastically differed in the consequences of the heat wave—one population was completely extirpated and nearly half had a >50% decrease in fitness. However, a few populations had greater fitness during the heat wave year. Differences in mortality corresponded to the impact of the heat wave on soil moisture—retention of soil moisture throughout the heat wave led to greater survivorship. Our results suggest that not all populations experience the same intensity or degree of mortality during extreme events and such heterogeneity could be important for genetic rescue or to facilitate the distribution of adaptive variants throughout the region.

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“…However, we cannot rule out altered interactions with pollinators or herbivores (Walters et al, 2022).…”

Section: Metapopulations Experience Variation In the Consequences Of ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower

McDonald,

Scharnagl,

Turcu

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…), wild and cultivated chickpea ( Cicer L.), lupin ( Lupinus L.), and faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) (Figure 3a,b). Pollen quality and availability, flower abortion, and seed development were likely all impacted leading to drastically reduced yields for plantings both at Pullman and Central Ferry, WA (Gogoi et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2019; Walters et al., 2022). Numerous regenerations and evaluations failed completely or failed to replace the number of seed sown, even with access to irrigation at the Central Ferry farm.…”

Section: Case Studies For the Effects Of Climate Change On Pgr Manage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding plant genetic resources in the United States during global climate change

Volk¹,

Carver²,

Irish³

et al. 2023

Crop Science

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Plant genetic resources (PGR) underpin the security of global agriculture. Rapid global climate change presents formidable challenges for ex situ and in situ PGR management programs that operate over extended timeframes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains more than 605,000 PGR accessions representing over 16,300 plant species in 20 genebank locations. These PGR are maintained in cold storage as seeds and vegetative tissues that must be periodically regenerated; or as actively growing plants in fields, greenhouses, screenhouses, and in vitro; or in some cases within in situ reserves. The complicated relationships between crops and their growth environments present unique challenges regarding PGR maintenance under a changing climate. Here we present potential effects of climate change on ex situ PGR maintenance and reproductive success, pollinators and beneficial insects, pathogens and pests, infrastructure considerations, and wild populations within NPGS in situ reserves. We provide a novel tool that summarizes past US temperature and precipitation data alongside future climate projections to guide ongoing planning for the effects of climate change for NPGS genebanks throughout the United States. A series of case studies exemplify instances where climate change has already impacted NPGS PGR management. Ongoing improvements to NPGS PGR management in response to climate change require continued observations of the current effects, careful and innovative planning, and creative approaches to ensure that PGR are successfully conserved for future generations.

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“…Among insects, bees are the most efficient crop pollinators [ 8 , 9 ]. Although pollination by bees is an essential ecosystem service, little is known about the attraction of bees to flowers of crop plants and the impact of global warming on these interactions [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Scents in Bee-Pollinated Buckwheat and Oilseed Rape under a Global Warming Scenario

Cordeiro

Dötterl

2023

Insects

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Many wild plants and crops are pollinated by insects, which often use floral scents to locate their host plants. The production and emission of floral scents are temperature-dependent; however, little is known about how global warming affects scent emissions and the attraction of pollinators. We used a combination of chemical analytical and electrophysiological approaches to quantify the influence of a global warming scenario (+5 °C in this century) on the floral scent emissions of two important crop species, i.e., buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and to test whether compounds that are potentially different between the treatments can be detected by their bee pollinators (Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris). We found that only buckwheat was affected by increased temperatures. Independent of temperature, the scent of oilseed rape was dominated by p-anisaldehyde and linalool, with no differences in relative scent composition and the total amount of scent. Buckwheat emitted 2.4 ng of scent per flower and hour at optimal temperatures, dominated by 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (46%) and linalool (10%), and at warmer temperatures threefold less scent (0.7 ng/flower/hour), with increased contributions of 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (73%) to the total scent and linalool and other compounds being absent. The antennae of the pollinators responded to various buckwheat floral scent compounds, among them compounds that disappeared at increased temperatures or were affected in their (relative) amounts. Our results highlight that increased temperatures differentially affect floral scent emissions of crop plants and that, in buckwheat, the temperature-induced changes in floral scent emissions affect the olfactory perception of the flowers by bees. Future studies should test whether these differences in olfactory perception translate into different attractiveness of buckwheat flowers to bees.

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Heat of the moment: extreme heat poses a risk to bee–plant interactions and crop yields

Cited by 20 publications

References 74 publications

Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower

Demographic consequences of an extreme heat wave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower

Safeguarding plant genetic resources in the United States during global climate change

Floral Scents in Bee-Pollinated Buckwheat and Oilseed Rape under a Global Warming Scenario

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