“…The results of this investigation were neither conclusive nor optimistic. Since then, numerous studies have been carried out, including theoretical analysis and calculation [10,19,17,11], experimental testing [1,21,20,26,29,8,22], combined investigation involving theoretical analysis and experimental trials [9,12,13,15,16], as well as applications in practice [4,2,5,18]. Most of these studies involved the investigation of the thermal performance of various types of heat-pipe solar collectors by analytical, numerical or experimental methods with the aim of establishing suitable structures or system layouts, as well as optimum operating conditions for high efficiency.…”