Heat production by the mature male turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Macleod, M.D.; Lundy, H.; Jewitt, T. R.

doi:10.1080/00071668508416820

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…HP was calculated from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production made in the computer-controlled open-circuit calorimetry system described by Lundy et al (1978) and MacLeod et al (1985). Zero-activity HP was calculated as the HP intercept of the regression relating HP measurement to simultaneous physical activity count .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient temperature on heat increment of feeding and energy retention in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes

Koh¹,

Macleod²

1999

British Poultry Science

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Zero-activity heat production (HP), body temperature (Tb) and energy retention were measured in growing broilers maintained at 5 ambient temperatures (Ta) (14 degrees , 17 degrees , 22 degrees , 27 degrees and 32 degrees C) and at 5 feeding rates (ad libitum intake and 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (fasting) of ad libitum). Zero-activity HP increased with decreasing Ta and increasing food intake. However, at 14 degrees C, zero-activity HP in birds fed ad libitum and 75% did not show further increase, but those in birds fed less than 75% of ad libitum increased rapidly. Results of the regression of zero-activity HP on Ta ranging from 32 degrees to 17 degrees C indicated that the slope was affected little by food intake, but the intercept decreased with decreasing food intake. Tb increased significantly with increasing food intake. There was little variation with Ta but, at and above 27 degrees C, a slightly increased Tb was observed only in birds fed ad libitum. Overall effects of Ta and food intake on HIF (% TME intake) were not found, but HIF tended to increase with decreasing food intake at 14 degrees C. Total energy retention and energy retention as fat decreased with decreasing Ta and food intake, although energy retention as protein decreased only with decreasing food intake. Results obtained here suggest that availability of TME is affected little by Ta ranging from 32 degrees to 17 degrees C and that HIF is utilised, in part, to maintain Tb at any Ta.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ambient temperature on heat increment of feeding and energy retention in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes

Koh¹,

Macleod²

1999

British Poultry Science

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“…There were, therefore, 8 birds on each of 4 line X feeding-regimen combinations. The birds were observed in pairs in the (1-3 m 3 ) controlled-temperature chambers of the calorimetry system described by MacLeod et al (1985). The chambers were set to a dry-bulb temperature of 32°C and a humidity of 1-7 kPa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulation at high ambient temperature in genetically fat and lean broiler hens fedad libitumor on a controlled‐feeding regime

Macleod

Hocking

1993

British Poultry Science

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1. Hens of lines divergently selected for fatness and leanness, fed either ad libitum or on a controlled regimen, were compared for susceptibility to heat stress. 2. The rate of increase in deep-body (rectal) temperature during exposure to 32°C was used as the index of thermoregulatory ability. Comb and foot surface temperatures were measured as indicators of peripheral vasomotor tone. 3. Because body temperature control depends on the balance between heat production and heat loss, heat production was measured to determine whether fat line hens had a higher heat production, which they would then have to dissipate. 4. During the first hour of heat exposure, rectal temperature in the ad libitum-fed birds increased twice as rapidly as in the corresponding lean line sample and 6 times more rapidly than in the control-fed fat-line group. 5. Surface temperatures of comb and foot increased from 27°C to 37°C within the first hour at 32°C, with no effect of either genotype or feeding regimen on rate of increase. 6. Heat production was unrelated to genotype but was reduced by 23% by controlled feeding, largely because of the reduction in body weight. 7. The results demonstrated that ad libitum-fed fat-line birds are susceptible to heat stress and that this is related not to increased heat production, but to a decreased ability to lose heat. Elevation of blood viscosity by plasma triglycerides is suggested as a causal factor.

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“…In domestic animals, controversial effects of training to respiration chamber stays on O 2 consumption were described. In pigs (Gray and McCracken 1980) and turkeys (MacLeod et al 1985), training had no effect, and in chicken training even led to an increase in O 2 consumption because individuals accustomed to the respiration chamber increased their food intake (Lundy et al 1978). The question to which extent habituation of nondomestic species to the respiration chamber will influence results, even when using only low readings after an adaptation period of several hours, remains to be specifically investigated.…”

Section: Considerations On Metabolic Measurements With Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Metabolic rates of three gazelle species (Nanger soemmerringii, Gazella gazella, Gazella spekei) adapted to arid habitats

Dittmann¹,

Hebel²,

Arif³

et al. 2015

Mammalian Biology

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The basal metabolic rate of mammals correlates with body mass, but deviations from this regression have been observed and explanations comprise ecological adaptations, reproductive strategies or phylogeny. Certain mammalian groups, adapted to arid environments, show comparatively lower metabolic rates. To expand existing datasets and to investigate metabolic rates in ruminants adapted to arid environments, we conducted respiration measurements with three gazelle species (Gazella spekei, G. gazella and N. soemmerringii, total n = 16). After an adaptation period to a diet of fresh lucerne offered ad libitum, subjects were put separately into respiration boxes for 24 h where they had free access to food and water. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured with a modular system of gas analyzers and pumps. Mean and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were calculated by accounting for the entire measurement phase or the lowest 20 oxygen measurements, respectively. N. soemmerringii had the lowest relative RMR values and the highest respiratory coefficients compared to the other species. Measured values were compared to expected RMR values calculated based on body mass. Gazella spekei and G. gazella showed higher RMR values than expected, while the RMR of N. soemmerringii was in the range of expected values. Our results indicate that not all mammals adapted to aridity have lower metabolic rates under conditions of unlimited resources and that in these cases other physiological adaptations might be of higher importance. Further extensions of the datasets could allow explaining which deviations of metabolic rate from the body mass regressions result from convergent adaptations.

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Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of ambient temperature on heat increment of feeding and energy retention in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes

Effects of ambient temperature on heat increment of feeding and energy retention in growing broilers maintained at different food intakes

Thermoregulation at high ambient temperature in genetically fat and lean broiler hens fedad libitumor on a controlled‐feeding regime

Metabolic rates of three gazelle species (Nanger soemmerringii, Gazella gazella, Gazella spekei) adapted to arid habitats

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