Heat-Resistant Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Based on a Copolymer of Bisphthalonitriles and Bisbenzonitrile

Timoshkin, I. A.; Aleshkevich, V.V.; Afanaseva, Ekaterina S.; Bulgakov, Boris A.; Babkin, Alexander V.; Кепман, А. В.; Авдеев, В. В.

doi:10.1134/s1811238220020150

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Based on the presented data it can be fairly concluded that in the case of long-term applications phthalonitriles can serve as structural materials at temperatures below 300 C. The use of phthalonitriles at temperatures over 300 C is possible only for short-term operation. From the previous reports it is known that even the materials postcured at 330 C maintain their ILSS values for short periods of time at temperatures up to 400 C. 29,45 Thus, for application as constructive materials, post-curing of the composites at 330 C provides the best combination of mechanical strength and long-term thermal oxidative stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth to mention, that phthalonitrile thermosets post‐cured at temperatures over 375°C demonstrate the highest thermal properties (T g over 400°C and T5% > 500°C) 5,43,45–47 . However, mechanical strength of both resins and composites decreases with post‐curing at higher temperatures 29,48,49 . Moreover, no effects of thermal‐oxidative aging on mechanical properties of phthalonitrile‐based materials were reported in details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 This extraordinary combination of properties makes phthalonitrile matrix composites attractive for applications in aerospace, naval and automotive industries. 5 The composites with phthalonitrile matrices can be fabricated by hot-pressing and autoclave technologies with the use of prepregs 13,14 as well as cost-effective methods of vacuum infusion molding, RTM and additive manufacturing, 15,[29][30][31][32] which allows adjusting their processing to the particular application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,43,[45][46][47] However, mechanical strength of both resins and composites decreases with post-curing at higher temperatures. 29,48,49 Moreover, no effects of thermal-oxidative aging on mechanical properties of phthalonitrile-based materials were reported in details. So, in this work we decided to study the influence of post-curing temperature on the retention of mechanical characteristics of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long-term thermal aging in order to study if the energy-consuming high-temperature post-curing is needed from the practical point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of post‐curing temperature on the retention of mechanical strength of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long‐term thermal oxidative aging

Lobanova,

Aleshkevich,

Babkin

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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This work concerns the thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites at 280–350°C. The easy‐to‐process resin containing bis(3‐[3,4‐dicyanophenoxy]phenyl)phenyl phosphate with APB as curing agent and the resin‐based composites post‐cured at 330°C, 350°C, and 375°C were studied. The phthalonitrile thermosets post‐cured at 330°C retained flexural strength of 77 MPa after 200 h of thermal aging at 280°C and 37 MPa (40%) after the same time at 300°C while the resins post‐cured at 350°C and 375°C lost over 80% of the flexural strength in these experiments. The same trend of faster oxidation of the samples post‐cured at higher temperatures was observed for the composites. For the first time, crosslinking reactions were observed during the aging, despite the aging temperatures being below the Tg of thermosets. Thus, the work shows a high long‐term thermal oxidative stability of the studied phthalonitrile resins at temperatures up to 300°C and fast destruction of the materials at 350°C despite the resin decomposition temperatures determined by dynamic TGA being over 500°C. The work has shown the negative effect of high‐temperature post‐curing on the operating properties of the phthalonitrile composites as constructive materials for long‐term application at elevated temperatures.Highlights Oxidation of phthalonitrile thermoset occurs at temperatures over 300°C in air. Increase in post‐curing temperature decreases thermal oxidation resistance. Thermosets retained up to 77% of flexural strength after 200 h aging at 300°C. Composites retained over 90% of ILSS after 200 h of aging at 300°C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of post‐curing temperature on the retention of mechanical strength of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long‐term thermal oxidative aging

Lobanova,

Aleshkevich,

Babkin

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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“…Наряду с легкоплавкими фосфорсодержащими мономерами [8][9][10] важным компонентом композиций фталонитрильных связующих для ПКМ [11][12][13][14] является 1,3-бис (3,4-дицианофенокси)бензол (ДФБ) (3), получаемый в результате взаимодействия 4-нитрофталонитрила (4НФН) (1) и резорцина (2) [15]. Термические свойства ДФБ и отвержденного полимера на его основе 1 представлены в табл.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Development of the technique for quality control of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene by HPLC

Щеколдина

Bogolyubov

Zakharov

et al. 2021

Fine Chem. Technol.

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Objectives. Determination of target products and byproducts is necessary for the quality control of phthalonitrile monomer synthesis as well as production scaling and performing related kinetic studies. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a simple and affordable method for quantitative chemical analysis, which also verifies the quality of raw materials. The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC technique for determining the composition of the reaction mixture in the synthesis of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene (DPB).Methods. Reversed-phase HPLC was used to quantitatively analyze the reaction mixture.Results. A simple and rapid method for the quantitative HPLC analysis of phthalonitrile monomers and their mixtures with reagents was developed. Reaction times and the accumulation of byproducts were also studied.Conclusions. The successful performance of the developed technique allows us to recommend it for practical applications. The results obtained for reactors of different sizes have good convergence, and DPB synthesis was successfully scaled up to intermediate scale equipment.

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Recent Advances and Prospects in High‐Performance Bio‐Based Phthalonitrile Resins

Bulgakov,

Schubert

2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Phthalontirile resins are renowned as the most heat‐resistant polymeric materials and exhibit exceptional performance under harsh conditions. Consequently, phthalonitrile thermosets offer the potential to substitute metals in hot parts, thereby broadening the operational limits of plastic materials in high‐tech applications. Given their unique combination of properties, phthalonitriles have garnered significant demand across sectors such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and renewable energy. With industrial production and application of phthalonitriles recently initiated in several countries, questions regarding the sustainability of these materials have naturally arisen. Thermosetting materials, owing to their highly cross‐linked architecture, cannot be recycled, necessitating the adoption of synthetic methods utilizing bio‐feedstock raw materials and green protocols to mitigate their environmental impact. The present prospective review summarizes and analyzes the current state‐of‐the‐art in bio‐based phthalonitrile resins and discusses potential directions for research and development of new application areas, with a focus on the challenge of maintaining high‐performance levels during the transition to bio‐based raw materials.

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Heat-Resistant Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Based on a Copolymer of Bisphthalonitriles and Bisbenzonitrile

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of post‐curing temperature on the retention of mechanical strength of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long‐term thermal oxidative aging

Effect of post‐curing temperature on the retention of mechanical strength of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long‐term thermal oxidative aging

Development of the technique for quality control of 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene by HPLC

Recent Advances and Prospects in High‐Performance Bio‐Based Phthalonitrile Resins

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