Heat shock protein (hsp70) expression and thermal tolerance in sublethally heat-shocked eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica infected with the parasite Perkinsus marinus

Encomio, Vincent G.; Chu, F.-L. E.

doi:10.3354/dao076251

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Irrespective of the causal factors driving their higher cellular defenses, we propose that increased relative HSP70 abundance and antioxidant capacity in suckling pups may help to protect against oxidative stress, as in other animals (Encomio and Chu 2007;Bathaie et al 2010;Djurhuus et al 2010). This is supported by the observed lack of a difference in oxidative damage to proteins, despite evidence for higher oxidative stress in suckling pups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Exposure to brief periods of acute stress can induce HSP expression such that cells are protected against damage during subsequent exposure (Encomio and Chu 2007;Bathaie et al 2010;Djurhuus et al 2010). However, the production of both constitutive and stress-induced HSP70 is costly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Given the role of HSPs in protecting cells from oxidative damage in other animals (Katsuki et al 2004;Encomio and Chu 2007;Jang et al 2008), it is likely that HSPs are important in mitigating the potential effects of oxidative stress during feeding and fasting in seals. Intracellular HSP70 synthesis is upregulated in response to a range of cellular stresses, including oxidative stress, and is often used as a marker of stress exposure in a range of animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Bennett¹,

MacMillan

Hammill

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidants are key cellular defenses against stress. Seals routinely undergo protracted fasting, which is normally associated with physiological stress in other animals. We tested the hypotheses that (1) relative HSP70 protein abundance is higher in liver and blubber of fasting relative to suckling wild gray seal pups; (2) differences in HSP70 are mirrored in tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, as well as glutathione levels; (3) extracellular HSP70 correlates with hepatic and blubber HSP70 abundance; and (4) protein carbonylation, an index of oxidative damage, is lower in tissues with higher levels of these cellular stress markers. In contrast to our expectation, suckling pups had higher relative HSP70 abundance and glutathione levels in liver and blubber and higher hepatic catalase activity. Plasma HSP70 did not correlate with liver or blubber abundance of the protein. Suckling pups did not experience greater protein carbonylation, suggesting that cellular protective mechanisms prevent protein damage despite an apparent increase in cellular stress. SOD activity was not affected by nutritional state, but in blubber tissue, it was positively correlated with blubber thickness. Greater requirements for antioxidants and HSPs in suckling pups or in animals with thicker blubber could arise from rapid protein synthesis, high metabolic fuel availability, and/or exposure to lipophilic toxins. Developmental and nutritional changes in cellular defenses have important implications for gray seals' susceptibility to additional stress exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Bennett¹,

MacMillan

Hammill

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…These primers encompassed a region within the full-length sequence that did not overlap the region amplified by primers used by Lockyer et al (Lockyer, et al, 2004). Because different isoforms of Hsp 70 can be expressed in mollusks in response to stress (Encomio and Chu, 2007) it is possible that the region we amplified may not have been available in templates employed by Lockyer et al (Lockyer, et al, 2004) due to inconsistencies and variations in methods used to prepare RNA samples from the two labs. Recent amplifications undertaken using primer sequences (both forward and reverse), as reported by Lockyer et al (Lockyer, et al, 2004) using conditions reported by these workers with our cDNA templates (from both adult and juvenile snails) produced multiple amplicons (size range from 200–700 bp), contrary to the single 263 bp band that was expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni infection of juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata induces a differential stress response between resistant and susceptible snails

Ittiprasert

Nene

Miller

et al. 2009

Experimental Parasitology

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Schistosomes develop successfully in susceptible snails but are encapsulated and killed in resistant ones. Mechanism(s) shaping these outcomes involves the parasites ability to evade the snail's defenses. RNA analysis from resistant (BS-90), non-susceptible (LAC2) and susceptible (NMRI) juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata to Schistosoma mansoni revealed that stress related genes, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) and reverse transcriptase (RT), were dramatically co-induced early in susceptible snails, but not in resistant/non-susceptible ones. These transcripts were, however, down regulated upon exposure to irradiated parasites although penetration behavior of irradiated vs normal parasites were the same, indicating that Hsp 70 regulation was elicited by infection and not injury. Understanding molecular events involved in stress response transcriptional regulation of Hsp 70 in juvenile snails could pave a way towards the identification of genes involved in schistosome/snail interactions.

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“…Galtsoff (1964) reported survival of emersed intertidal oysters at 46–49°C for up to 2–3 h. Ingle et al (1971) also reported survival of intertidal Gulf oysters at 49.5°C. In a recent study, we noted that no mortality occurred in two different geographic oyster stocks after heat shocks at 41°C and 42°C for 1 h (Encomio and Chu 2003; Encomio 2004). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Cell Viability of Cultured Perkinsus marinus (Perkinsea), a Parasitic Protozoan of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Using SYBRgreen–Propidium Iodide Double Staining and Flow Cytometry

Soudant

Chu

Lund

2005

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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A flow cytometry (FCM) assay using SYBRgreen and propidium iodide double staining was tested to assess viability and morphological parameters of Perkinsus marinus under different cold- and heat-shock treatments and at different growth phases. P. marinus meront cells, cultivated at 28 degrees C, were incubated in triplicate for 30 min at -80 degrees C, -20 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 20 degrees C for cold-shock treatments and at 32 degrees C, 36 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 44 degrees C, 48 degrees C, 52 degrees C, and 60 degrees C for heat-shock treatments. A slight and significant decrease in percentage of viable cells (PVC), from 93.6% to 92.7%, was observed at -20 degrees C and the lowest PVC was obtained at -80 degrees C (54.0%). After 30 min of heat shocks at 40 degrees C and 44 degrees C, PVC decreased slightly but significantly compared to cells maintained at 28 degrees C. When cells were heat shocked at 48 degrees C, 52 degrees C, and 60 degrees C heavy mortality occurred and PVC decreased to 33.8%, 8.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. No change in cell complexity and size was noted until cells were heat shocked at >or=44 degrees C. High cell mortality was detected at stationary phase of P. marinus cell culture. Cell viability dropped below 40% in 28-day-old cultures and ranged 11-25% in 38 to 47-day-old cultures. Results suggest that FCM could be a useful tool for determining viability of cultured P. marinus cells.

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Heat shock protein (hsp70) expression and thermal tolerance in sublethally heat-shocked eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica infected with the parasite Perkinsus marinus

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Schistosoma mansoni infection of juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata induces a differential stress response between resistant and susceptible snails

Assessment of the Cell Viability of Cultured Perkinsus marinus (Perkinsea), a Parasitic Protozoan of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Using SYBRgreen–Propidium Iodide Double Staining and Flow Cytometry

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