Heat shock proteins in encysted and anhydrobiotic eutardigrades

Alterio, Tiziana; Guidetti, Roberto; Boschini, Deborah; Rebecchi, Lorena

doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2012.e22

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Some of the small heat shock proteins (like Hsp27 and Hsp30c of M. tardigradum) are also upregulated during dehydration (Wang et al, 2014). In contrast, Hsp70 expression is not increased during desiccation, but is instead upregulated during rehydration and recovery (Schill et al, 2004;Jönsson and Schill, 2007;Rizzo et al, 2010;Altiero et al, 2012). This expression timeline is consistent with a possible role for Hsp70 in folding or refolding proteins to restore proteostasis following desiccation.…”

Section: Heat Shock Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

2020

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Water is critical for the survival of most cells and organisms. Remarkably, a small number of multicellular animals are able to survive nearly complete drying. The phenomenon of anhydrobiosis, or life without water, has been of interest to researchers for over 300 years. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of protectants and mechanisms of desiccation tolerance that have emerged from research in three anhydrobiotic invertebrates: brine shrimp (Artemia), roundworms (nematodes), and tardigrades (water bears). Discovery of molecular protectants that allow each of these three animals to survive drying diversifies our understanding of desiccation tolerance, and convergent themes suggest mechanisms that may offer a general model for engineering desiccation tolerance in other contexts.

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Section: Heat Shock Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

2020

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“…In eutardigrade M. tardigradum , one isoform of the Hsp70 family gene shows an up-regulation during the induction of the desiccated state, while the other two isoforms have significantly lower levels of mRNA expression in the dehydated state than in the hydrated state [25]. In the Bertolanius volubilis investigated by Altiero et al [24], the dehydration stress does not induce an increase in Hsp90 expression either. In contrast to this finding, Hsp90 in eutardigrade M. tardigradum has been found to be significantly up-regulated in the anhydrobiotic state [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previous studies have yielded unequivocal findings about the transcriptional response of Hsps to desiccation in tardigrades. For instance, Jönsson and Schill [23] have detected a down-regulation of Hsp70 in desiccated specimens of eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer , whereas Altiero et al [24] reported that the expression levels of Hsp70 are similar between dehydrated and active specimens of eutardigrade Bertolanius volubilis . In eutardigrade M. tardigradum , one isoform of the Hsp70 family gene shows an up-regulation during the induction of the desiccated state, while the other two isoforms have significantly lower levels of mRNA expression in the dehydated state than in the hydrated state [25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Decrypting Cryptobiosis—Analyzing Anhydrobiosis in the Tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum Using Transcriptome Sequencing

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMany tardigrade species are capable of anhydrobiosis; however, mechanisms underlying their extreme desiccation resistance remain elusive. This study attempts to quantify the anhydrobiotic transcriptome of the limno-terrestrial tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum.ResultsA prerequisite for differential gene expression analysis was the generation of a reference hybrid transcriptome atlas by assembly of Sanger, 454 and Illumina sequence data. The final assembly yielded 79,064 contigs (>100 bp) after removal of ribosomal RNAs. Around 50% of them could be annotated by SwissProt and NCBI non-redundant protein sequences. Analysis using CEGMA predicted 232 (93.5%) out of the 248 highly conserved eukaryotic genes in the assembly. We used this reference transcriptome for mapping and quantifying the expression of transcripts regulated under anhdydrobiosis in a time-series during dehydration and rehydration. 834 of the transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in a single stage (dehydration/inactive tun/rehydration) and 184 were overlapping in two stages while 74 were differentially expressed in all three stages. We have found interesting patterns of differentially expressed transcripts that are in concordance with a common hypothesis of metabolic shutdown during anhydrobiosis. This included down-regulation of several proteins of the DNA replication and translational machinery and protein degradation. Among others, heat shock proteins Hsp27 and Hsp30c were up-regulated in response to dehydration and rehydration. In addition, we observed up-regulation of ployubiquitin-B upon rehydration together with a higher expression level of several DNA repair proteins during rehydration than in the dehydration stage.ConclusionsMost of the transcripts identified to be differentially expressed had distinct cellular function. Our data suggest a concerted molecular adaptation in M. tardigradum that permits extreme forms of ametabolic states such as anhydrobiosis. It is temping to surmise that the desiccation tolerance of tradigrades can be achieved by a constitutive cellular protection system, probably in conjunction with other mechanisms such as rehydration-induced cellular repair.

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“…As one example, it was suggested that water stress protein is immediately synthesized during desiccation and contributes to maintain the matrix structure [ 13 ]. In recent years, it has been found that heat shock proteins (HSP), which are synthesized in response to heat stress, are also effective against desiccation [ 13 , 14 ]. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins were initially discovered in cottonseeds and classified into at least four groups, based on their amino acid sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Roles of Photosynthetic and Sunscreen Pigments in Cyanobacteria Focusing on the Oxidative Stress

2013

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Cyanobacteria have two types of sunscreen pigments, scytonemin and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). These secondary metabolites are thought to play multiple roles against several environmental stresses such as UV radiation and desiccation. Not only the large molar absorption coefficients of these sunscreen pigments, but also their antioxidative properties may be necessary for the protection of biological molecules against the oxidative damages induced by UV radiation. The antioxidant activity and vitrification property of these pigments are thought to be requisite for the desiccation and rehydration processes in anhydrobiotes. In this review, the multiple roles of photosynthetic pigments and sunscreen pigments on stress resistance, especially from the viewpoint of their structures, biosynthetic pathway, and in vitro studies of their antioxidant activity, will be discussed.

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Heat shock proteins in encysted and anhydrobiotic eutardigrades

Abstract: Heat shock proteins (Hsps)

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

Towards Decrypting Cryptobiosis—Analyzing Anhydrobiosis in the Tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum Using Transcriptome Sequencing

Multiple Roles of Photosynthetic and Sunscreen Pigments in Cyanobacteria Focusing on the Oxidative Stress

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