Heat Strain, External Workload, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Tropical Settings: Are Endurance Athletes Exposed?

Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Olcina, Guillermo; Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall; Crowe, Jennifer

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01403

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Severe decreases in renal function and renal failure are rare during UER [ 134 – 137 ]. The risk of kidney injury can be exacerbated by factors such as endurance running in extreme environments (e.g., hot and/or humid conditions, racing at altitude), severe muscle damage due to high biomechanical loads, low rates of fluid intake resulting in dehydration, the ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and genetic predisposition [ 134 – 140 ]. Conditions such as hyponatremia, bilirubinuria, proteinuria, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, and cylindruria can predicate acute renal issues and are indicators of acute kidney injury (AKI) in long-distance runners [ 133 , 141 – 147 ].…”

Section: Long-term Health Implications: Key Aspects By Organ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important consideration is the extent to which AKI is associated with UER and might evoke chronic kidney damage. While individual or cumulative AKI could contribute to future chronic damage in general populations [ 150 , 151 ], there is no clear association in UER, and a better understanding of the physiological cascade of events is needed [ 140 ]. Any link between AKI in UER and long-term renal issues could be strengthened by certain risk factors, including age, race, genetics, and other pathological conditions.…”

Section: Long-term Health Implications: Key Aspects By Organ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

Scheer¹,

Tiller

Doutreleau

et al. 2021

Sports Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life. Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular, and comprises running races above marathon distance, exceeding 6 h, and/or running fixed distances on multiple days. Serious acute adverse events are rare, but there is mounting evidence that UER may lead to long-term health problems. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential long-term health problems derived from UER, specifically potential maladaptation in key organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, immunological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and integumentary systems. Special consideration is given to youth, masters, and female athletes, all of whom may be more susceptible to certain long-term health issues. We present directions for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin athlete susceptibility to long-term issues. Although all body systems can be affected by UER, one of the clearest effects of endurance exercise is on the cardiovascular system, including right ventricular dysfunction and potential increased risk of arrhythmias and hypertension. There is also evidence that rare cases of acute renal injury in UER could lead to progressive renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. There are limited data specific to female athletes, who may be at greater risk of certain UER-related health issues due to interactions between energy availability and sex-hormone concentrations. Indeed, failure to consider sex differences in the design of female-specific UER training programs may have a negative impact on athlete longevity. It is hoped that this review will inform risk stratification and stimulate further research about UER and the implications for long-term health.

show abstract

Section: Long-term Health Implications: Key Aspects By Organ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Health Implications: Key Aspects By Organ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

Scheer¹,

Tiller

Doutreleau

et al. 2021

Sports Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, it has been identified as a causative factor that could lead to glomerular hypertension, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular injury due to the oxidative stress exerted onto the kidneys which could be a probable pathway leading to CKDu. 40 , 48 …”

Section: Risk Factors and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Purposeful Review to Identify Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology</p>

Abdissa¹

2020

IJNRD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has risen, and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) contributes considerably to the national burden of CKD. It is characterized by irreversible, slowly advancing disease, and symptoms often appear in the late stages of the disease. It is a serious, novel cause of kidney failure and leads to premature deaths. Many hypotheses have emerged; however, the etiology of CKDu continues to be elusive and debatable and it is claimed that the etiology is multifactorial, encompassing environmental, genetic, occupational, and social factors. The dominant histopathological feature is chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. It predominantly affects individuals with low socio-economic status, of working age, largely without chronic comorbidities, who perform strenuous labor in extreme conditions in various tropical areas of the world. It is often fatal due to fast progression and limited access to dialysis or transplant options in the involved geographic areas. Early recognition and appropriate interventions at the earliest possible stage are imperative for decreasing its associated morbidity and mortality. In this review, I tried to summarize available evidence on the risk factors, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of CKDu. The literature search for this review was conducted comprehensively by using different electronic databases and by using appropriate search terms.

show abstract

“…In endurance running and mainly off-road running [ 8 , 10 ], some evidence has been published regarding the impact of external workload (e.g., impacts) as an additional factor that may contribute to AKI incidence, next to other known factors like dehydration, heat strain, and high metabolic activity [ 11 ]. Within this multifactorial etiology, high physical internal and external load seems to be a discernible contributing factor to the transitory decrease in renal function in endurance runners [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Cumulative Kidney Trauma in Endurance Off-Road Running

Rojas-Valverde

Timón

Sánchez-Ureña

et al. 2020

JFMK

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: This study aimed to explore wearable sensors′ potential use to assess cumulative mechanical kidney trauma during endurance off-road running. (2) Methods: 18 participants (38.78 ± 10.38 years, 73.24 ± 12.6 kg, 172.17 ± 9.48 cm) ran 36 k off-road race wearing a Magnetic, Angular Rate and Gravity (MARG) sensor attached to their lower back. Impacts in g forces were recorded throughout the race using the MARG sensor. Two blood samples were collected immediately pre- and post-race: serum creatinine (sCr) and albumin (sALB). (3) Results: Sixteen impact variables were grouped using principal component analysis in four different principal components (PC) that explained 90% of the total variance. The 4th PC predicted 24% of the percentage of change (∆%) of sCr and the 3rd PC predicted the ∆% of sALB by 23%. There were pre- and post-race large changes in sCr and sALB (p ≤ 0.01) and 33% of participants met acute kidney injury diagnosis criteria. (4) Conclusions: The data related to impacts could better explain the cumulative mechanical kidney trauma during mountain running, opening a new range of possibilities using technology to better understand how the number and magnitude of the g-forces involved in off-road running could potentially affect kidney function.

show abstract

Heat Strain, External Workload, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Tropical Settings: Are Endurance Athletes Exposed?

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

<p>Purposeful Review to Identify Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology</p>

Potential Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Cumulative Kidney Trauma in Endurance Off-Road Running

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About