Heat Stress-Activated, Calcium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Synthase in Sponges

Giovine, Marco; Pozzolini, Marina; Favre, Anna; Bavestrello, Giorgio; Cerrano, Carlo; Ottaviani, Francesca M.; Chiarantini, Laura; Cerasi, Aurora; Cangiotti, Michela; Zocchi, Elena; Scarfı̀, Sonia; Sarà, Michele; Benatti, Umberto

doi:10.1006/niox.2001.0366

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The whole colon and rectum, up to the anus, were removed at autopsy and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for cryostat sections. Twelve-micrometer longitudinal sections were layered on polylysined slides, and, after a brief air drying, we applied the following histochemical techniques: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 20 NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), 21,22 and lactic-dehydrogenase (LDH). 23 These are the techniques commonly used in the diagnostic protocol of HD in our Children's Hospi- tal.…”

Section: Phenotyping Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical study of Dom mouse: a model for Waardenburg-Hirschsprung’s phenotype

Brizzolara

Torre

Favre

et al. 2004

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Section: Phenotyping Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical study of Dom mouse: a model for Waardenburg-Hirschsprung’s phenotype

Brizzolara

Torre

Favre

et al. 2004

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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“…Glutamate, GABA and NO have been found to play a role in stimulating and modulating contractions in the demosponge Tethya wilhelma (Ellwanger and Nickel, 2006). Furthermore, GABA-immunoreactive proteins are said to be localised in cells associated within the aquiferous canal system in Chondrilla nucula (Ramoino et al, 2007), and NO has been implicated in temperature stress activation in Axinella polypoides and Petrosia ficiformis (Giovine et al, 2001). In the absence of more direct mechanisms of signalling between sponge cells, the slowness of the coordinated behaviour shown by sponges makes glutamate/GABA signalling systems and modulation by a NO system a most likely hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for glutamate, GABA and NO in coordinating behaviour in the sponge, Ephydatia muelleri (Demospongiae, Spongillidae)

Elliott

Leys

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe view that sponges lack tissue level organisation, epithelia, sensory cells and coordinated behaviour is challenged by recent molecular studies showing the existence in Porifera of molecules and proteins that define cell signalling systems in higher order metazoans. Demonstration that freshwater sponges can contract their canals in an organised manner in response to both external and endogenous stimuli prompted us to examine the physiology of the contraction behaviour. Using a combination of digital timelapse microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis, immunocytochemistry and pharmacological manipulations, we tested the role of the diffusible amino acids glutamate and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a short-lived diffusible gas, nitric oxide (NO), in triggering or modulating contractions in Ephydatia muelleri. We identified pools of glutamate, glutamine and GABA used to maintain a metabotropic glutamate and GABA receptor signalling system. Glutamate induced contractions and propagation of a stereotypical behaviour inflating and deflating the canal system, acting in a dosedependent manner. Glutamate-triggered contractions were blocked by the metabatropic glutamate receptor inhibitor AP3 and by incubation of the sponge in an allosteric competitive inhibitor of glutamate, Kynurenic acid. Incubation in GABA inhibited glutamate-triggered contractions of the sponge. Nitric oxide synthase, involved in the formation of the diffusible gas NO, was localised using NADPH-diaphorase to mesenchyme cells in the osculum and pinacoderm. A cGMP assay showed the same cells were labelled suggesting that the NO system is functional. Our findings suggest sponges coordinate behaviour using chemical messenger systems common to other animals. Supplementary material available online at

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“…For example, NOS is present in the most primitive of metazoans, the sponges, as well as mollusks, annelids, cnidarians and arthropods [Leake and Moroz, 1996;Moroz and Gillette, 1996;Korneev et al, 1998;Giovine et al, 2001;Kitamura et al, 2001;Rast, 2001;Watson et al, 2001;Bullerjahn and Pfluger, 2003;Christie et al, 2003;Moroz et al, 2004;Kurylas et al, 2005]. NOS-immunoreactivity (NOS-ir) in non-mammalian vertebrate brains has been detected in various fishes [Brüning et al, 1995;Villani et al, 2001;Bordieri et al, 2003;Singru et al, 2003;Ando et al, 2004;Masini et al, 2005], reptiles [Brüning et al, 1994b;Smeets et al, 1997;Haverkamp et al, 2000], and birds [Brüning et al, 1994a;Garcia-Calero et al, 2002;Balthazart et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Synthase and NADPH Diaphorase Distribution in the Bullfrog <i>(Rana catesbeiana)</i> CNS: Pathways and Functional Implications

Huynh¹,

Boyd²

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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The gas nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important regulator of normal physiology and pathophysiology in the central nervous system (CNS). The distribution of cells releasing NO is poorly understood in non-mammalian vertebrates. Nitric oxide synthase immunocytochemistry (NOS ICC) was thus used to identify neuronal cells that contain the enzyme required for NO production in the amphibian brain and spinal cord. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry was also used because the presence of NADPHd serves as a reliable indicator of nitrergic cells. Both techniques revealed stained cells in all major structures and pathways in the bullfrog brain. Staining was identified in the olfactory glomeruli, pallium and subpallium of the telencephalon; epithalamus, thalamus, preoptic area, and hypothalamus of the diencephalon; pretectal area, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon; all layers of the cerebellum; reticular formation; nucleus of the solitary tract, octaval nuclei, and dorsal column nuclei of the medulla; and dorsal and motor fields of the spinal cord. In general, NADPHd histochemistry provided better staining quality, especially in subpallial regions, although NOS ICC tended to detect more cells in the olfactory bulb, pallium, ventromedial thalamus, and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. NOS ICC was also more sensitive for motor neurons and consistently labeled them in the vagus nucleus and along the length of the rostral spinal cord. Thus, nitrergic cells were ubiquitously distributed throughout the bullfrog brain and likely serve an essential regulatory function.

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Heat Stress-Activated, Calcium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Synthase in Sponges

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Histochemical study of Dom mouse: a model for Waardenburg-Hirschsprung’s phenotype

Histochemical study of Dom mouse: a model for Waardenburg-Hirschsprung’s phenotype

Evidence for glutamate, GABA and NO in coordinating behaviour in the sponge, Ephydatia muelleri (Demospongiae, Spongillidae)

Nitric Oxide Synthase and NADPH Diaphorase Distribution in the Bullfrog <i>(Rana catesbeiana)</i> CNS: Pathways and Functional Implications

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