Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow during Growth of Y3Al5O12 Single Crystals using the Czochralski Method

Abstract

A melt flow taking place during growth of Y3Al5O12 crystals by the Czochralski method including various types of convection and the melt/crystal interface shape is analyzed numerically using a finite element method. The interface deflection decreases as the melt level goes down during a growth process. Temperature and optical properties of the growth furnace enclosure influence the flow pattern, temperature distribution, and the interface shape. The enclosure temperature can be effectively used to control the interface shape during the growth.

Sol–gel synthesis, characterization and study of substitution effects in different gallium-containing garnets

“…The family of garnet crystal structure materials became one of the most extensively studied groups of compounds during last decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The mixed oxide systems have been of particular interest due to the stability and the fact that a wide range of properties can be obtained by substitution of one ion for another.…”

Simulation of transport processes during Czochralski growth of YAG crystals

“…A finite difference formulation was used to solve the governing differential equations. Galazka and Wilke [7,8] performed steady axisymmetric calculations using a finite element method to examine the effect of Marangoni convection on melt flow and melt-crystal interface shape for YAG.…”

An experimental and numerical effort to simulate the interface deflection of YAG

“…The equations and boundary conditions are formulated in Refs. [36,37] including the calculation of the interface position. In order to meet the requirements for the highest resolution of the fluid flow structures-in particular close to the thermocapillary driven free surface-a graded mesh has been designed.…”

“…With respect to thermal modelling, most numerical studies have been nearer to reality because the radiant heat transport through the crystal and from the free melt surface can be incorporated [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. But the numerical simulations suffer from the lack of reliable physical properties and reliable thermal boundary conditions.…”