“…doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.02.046 regions aside each pin. Although these flow features characterize the flow physics in a pin-fin channel that generalize the endwall heat transfer performances, the HTE effectiveness and pressure drop characteristics also vary with by-pass flows over pin-tips [1,20,24], height-to-diameter ratios of pins [3][4][5]8], shapes [6,11,15,17,19,20,[24][25][26], arrangements [2,7,10,[12][13][14]18,19,[22][23][24], materials [14] and the three-dimensionality [8,9,13,15,16] of pins as well as the orientation of pin-array in the cross flow [6,27]. Theses geometric factors are sometime interrelated to affect the endwall heat transfer performances and the pressure drops of pin-fin channels.…”