Heat transfer enhancement in the boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluids due to variable viscosity and natural convection

Abstract

The aim of the current work is to explore how heat transfer can be enhanced by variations in the basic properties of fluids in the presence of free convection with the aid of suspended hybrid nanofluids. Also, the influence of the Laurentz force on the flow is considered. The mathematical equations are converted into a pair of self-similarity equations by applying appropriate transformations. The reduced similarity equivalences are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 th -order method. To gain better perception of the problem, the flow and energy transfer characteristics are explored for distinct values of significant factors such as variable viscosity, convection, magnetic field, and volume fraction. The results acquired are in good agreement with previously published results. The noteworthy finding is that the thermal conductivity is greater in hybrid nanofluid than that of a regular nanofluid in the presence of specified factors. The boundary layer thickness of both hybrid nanofluid and normal nanofluid diminishes due to decrease in variable viscosity. The fluid flow and temperature of the hybrid nanofluid and normal nanofluid increases as there is a rise in volume fraction.

Cu‐Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow past a porous stretching sheet due to temperatue‐dependent viscosity and viscous dissipation

“…The influence of dissimilar physical parameters in the case of copper-aluminum oxide-water hybrid nanofluid phase and nanofluid phase on momentum, heat measure, surface drag coefficient, and rate of heat transfer is presented through various graphs in Figures 2 to 8. The physical characteristics of both nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles are displayed in Tables 1 to 4. A comparison between previously published results 18 and the present results for the coefficient of surface drag and Nusselt number is shown in concluded from Table 5A,B that the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer increase with rising values of B and Pr numbers, respectively. Moreover, the drag coefficient and Nusselt numbers are higher in case of hybrid nanofluid as compared with mono-nanofluid (Cu-water).…”

“…The governing conservation equations (ie, mass, momentum, and energy) with hybrid nanofluid flow problem can be expressed as 18,41…”

“…The basic thermophysical properties of both the hybrid nanofluid and regular nanofluid at 25°C are displayed in Tables 1 to 3. 16,18,42,43 The radiative heat flux (q r ) is defined by using the Rosseland approximation 44,45 as follows:…”

Impact of homogeneous‐heterogeneous reactions in a hybrid nanoliquid flow due to porous medium

“…Combination of CNTs into develops heat‐conducting capacity of the base liquid, which was discussed by Nuim Labib et al Bahiraei et al explored the incorporation of graphene and Ag nanoparticles, which can be used as coolant. Likewise, numerous analysts have demonstrated that the thermal boundary of a liquid can be upgraded by considering a solitary and two nanoadded substances …”

Role of mixed nanofluids on fluid flow and intensify energy transfer in a boundary layer region driven by a free convective force

“…The aluminum oxide nanoparticle blended with carbon nano tubes (CNTs)/water nanofluids was used by Nuim Labib et al They analyzed numerically that the convective heat transfer performance was increased very much by using a hybrid nanofluid. Very recently, Manjunatha et al analyzed the variable properties of a hybrid nanofluid. Contemporary mathematicians have carried out research in the same field under different physical conditions …”