“…The use of turbulators in the annulus causes the variation in streamlines and pathlines resulting in generation of higher recirculation. This leads to higher turbulence intensity which causes more pressure drops, resulting in higher f ‐values. The f ‐values for the different configurations ( DR = 0.42, Re = 3500), ( DR = 0.475, Re = 3500), and ( DR = 0.53, Re = 3500) were 0.111, 0.103, and 0.0954, respectively.…”