“…Precisely in this area however, reliable experimental data are scarcely available in the open literature. In recent years a considerable amount of work has been devoted to (qualitative) experimental observations of the #ow structure in pseudo two-and three-dimensional bubble columns (Chen, Jamialahmadi & Li, 1989;Chen, Reese & Fan, 1994;Becker, Sokolichin & Eigenberger, 1995). These studies provide insight into the time-dependent behavior of bubble columns and the #ow regimes prevailing in them, but fail to provide adequate quantitative data suitable for detailed model validation.…”