Heat transfer in phase change materials for thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules

Duan, Xili; Naterer, G.F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.07.044

Cited by 282 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nowadays, car manufacturers use three options: Forced air, liquid refrigeration or natural refrigeration (none), as shown in Table 1. New alternatives, such as change-phase materials and heat pipe hybridization [24,25] are expected to appear in the nearby future, although they are not yet implemented. However, liquid refrigeration systems have many specialized designs, going from simple cooling plate under the batteries to in-between cells cooling system.…”

Section: Battery Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Casals

Garca

2016

JGE

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Electric cars are entering into the automotive market. However, their prices are still expensive mostly due to the battery cost. Additionally, electric vehicle batteries are considered not useful for traction purposes after they have lost a 20% of its capacity. Having still an 80% of its capacity, these batteries may work on stationary applications with lower requirements than electric mobility.In order to recover part of the battery costs came out the idea of giving batteries a second life. Nonetheless, before its reuse, these batteries should follow a transformation process that, although valuable, it is not simple. They should be collected, checked and adapted, if necessary, to their new application requirements. Nowadays, each car manufacturer has its own battery partner using a particular cell shape and chemistry. Additionally, each battery has different module configurations and electronic control parameters and equipment. Moreover, each battery model has a particular refrigeration system in the final packaging that forms the whole battery. All these aspects put the reusability of electric vehicle batteries into a narrow path where a bad step could lead to business collapse. This study shows some of the difficulties and issues that should be taken into account when managing second life battery businesses.

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Section: Battery Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Casals

Garca

2016

JGE

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“…In this case, for optimizing a BTMS, it is crucial to investigate in depth the experimental dynamic thermal performance for more accurate thermal analysis and design. So far, battery preheating through BTMS can be only found in limited researches [30,31]. Recently, Wang et al [32] provided a full experimental characterization forcing both cooling and heating of an "L" type heat pipe (flat on evaporator and tube on condenser) BTMS with liquid heat transfer on the condensers under "off-normal" operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Cooling/Heating Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Micro Heat Pipe for Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management

Liu

Lan

Chen

et al. 2018

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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Due to the heat pipes' transient conduction, phase change and fluid dynamics during cooling/heating with high frequency charging/discharging of batteries, it is crucial to investigate in depth the experimental dynamic thermal characteristics in such complex heat transfer processes for more accurate thermal analysis and design of a BTMS. In this paper, the use of ultra-thin micro heat pipe (UMHP) for thermal management of a lithium-ion battery pack in EVs is explored by experiments to reveal the cooling/heating characteristics of the UMHP pack. The cooling performance is evaluated under different constant discharging and transient heat inputs conditions. And the heating efficiency is assessed under several sub-zero temperatures through heating films with/without UMHPs. Results show that the proposed UMHP BTMS with forced convection can keep the maximum temperature of the pack below 40 °C under 1 ~ 3C discharging, and effectively reduced the instant temperature increases and minimize the temperature fluctuation of the pack during transient federal urban driving schedule (FUDS) road conditions. Experimental data also indicate that heating films stuck on the fins of UMHPs brought about adequate high heating efficiency comparing with that stuck on the surface of cells under the same heating power, but has more convenient maintenance and less cost for the BTMS. The experimental dynamic temperature characteristics of UMHP which is found to be a high-efficient and lowenergy consumption cooling/heating method for BTMSs, can be performed to guide thermal analysis and optimization of heat pipe BTMSs.Keywords: Electric vehicle, Lithium-ion battery, Thermal management, Ultra-thin micro heat pipe © The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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“…Diverse methods of battery thermal management were studied. For example, phase change materials which can absorb large amounts of heat were often used to control thermal runaways under extreme conditions [11][12][13][14]. Active methods, e.g., liquid-cooled and air-cooled systems, were also adopted [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack

Yang

Qing

et al. 2013

Energies

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This paper presents a model-based cell-health-conscious thermal energy management method. An Arrhenius equation-based mathematical model is firstly identified to quantify the effect of temperature on the cell lifetime of a Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery pack. The cell aging datasets collected under multiple ambient temperatures are applied to extract the Arrhenius equation parameters. The model is then used as an assessment criterion and guidance for the thermal management design of battery packs. The feasibility and applicability of a pack structure with its cooling system, is then evaluated, and its design problems are studied by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The performance and eligibility of the design method is validated by both CFD simulations and experiments.

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Heat transfer in phase change materials for thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules

Cited by 282 publications

References 22 publications

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Experimental Investigation on Cooling/Heating Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Micro Heat Pipe for Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management

Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack

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