Heat Transfer in Sandstones at Low Temperature

Liu, Zhiqiang; Wang, Linlin; Zhao, Bo; Leng, Jingyi; Zhang, Guangqing; Yang, Diansen

doi:10.1007/s00603-018-1595-x

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In order to simplify the analysis process, similar to hydrate, we take water as the analysis object. The heat conduction as the only form of energy exchange in rocks, the governing equation of heat transfer in a one-dimensional model is [43,44] ρ s c dT dt…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Diffusion Characteristics in Permafrost during the Exploitation of Gas Hydrate

et al. 2021

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Methane hydrate is the vast potential resources of natural gas in the permafrost and marine areas. Due to the occurrence of phase transition, the gas hydrate is dissociated into gas and water and absorbs lots of heat. The incomprehensive knowledge of endothermic reaction in permafrost sediments still restricted the production efficiency of hydrate commercial development. This endothermic reaction leads to a complex thermal diffusion in permafrost, which directly influences the phase transition in turn. In this research, the heat during the exploitation is transferred in two forms (specific heat and latent heat). Besides, the melting point is not constant but depends on the pore size of the reservoir rock. According to these features, a thermal diffusion model with phase transition is established. To calculate the governing equation, the pore size distribution is obtained by using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. The heating tests are conducted and simulated to calibrate the coefficient (i.e., transverse surface relaxivity) of NMR. Then, the temperature field evolution of the hydrate reservoir during the exploitation is simulated by using the calibrated values. The results show that the temperature curves have a typical plateau related to the pore size distribution, which is effective to obtain the surface relaxivity. The heat transfer is remarkably limited by the endothermic effect of the phase transition. The hydrate recovery efficiency may depend largely on the heating capacity of the engineering operation and the rate of gas production. Compared to the conventional petroleum industry, it is significant to control the maximum temperature and temperature distribution in engineering operations during hydrate development. This research on the temperature behavior during onshore permafrost hydrate production could provide the theoretical support to control heat behavior of offshore hydrate production.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Diffusion Characteristics in Permafrost during the Exploitation of Gas Hydrate

et al. 2021

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“…The stability of the NGH reservoir highly relies on the in situ temperature and pressure considering the special physical properties of NGH. Liu et al 28 pointed out that the rate of heat transfer is governed by the evolution of ice content, especially for the phase transition. The NGH reservoir is quite sensitive to heat transfer from the wellbore due to high hydrate saturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transfer study in the exploitation of argillaceous‐silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs

Jiang

Song

Liu

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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The paper investigates the heat transfer in the exploitation of offshore argillaceous-silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs considering sand control. The temperature prediction model is established in this investigation. The coupled pressure-temperature model of the flowing fluid inside the wellbore is also presented. The sand control for argillaceous-silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs mainly brings two effects into the temperature and pressure profiles simulation, including the moderate sand control and the Joule-Thompson effect. The moderate sand control is reflected by the volume and particle size of produced sand into the wellbore in the mathematical derivation. The Joule-Thompson is considered in the model due to the small diameter of sand control screens. The experiment is designed to measure the pressure drop caused by various mesh diameters of sand control screens. Subsequently, the regression relationship between the pressure drop and the mesh diameter is concluded to calculate the temperature change at the sand control screen. The simulation of heat transfer helps to analyze secondary hydrate formation risk in the wellbore. The proposed model identifies the high-risk location of the secondary hydrate formation. The sand control effect and well geometry effect are discussed quantitatively. The strict sand control in the argillaceous-silt natural gas hydrate (NGH) sediment exploitation reduces the risk of secondary hydrate formation significantly; however, it also has a negative effect on natural gas production. To balance the sand control and the prevention of secondary hydrate formation risk, it is suggested to install the heating electrode in the high-risk location to ensure flow safety with acceptable sand control precision. The heat provided by heat electrodes is calculated by the model presented in this paper. The model can be used to determine the proper arrangement of heat electrodes. The paper also describes the secondary hydrate formation by adjusting the well geometry. The formation depth of the NGH reservoir and the sea interval should be considered in the risk analysis of

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