Heat transfer in turbulent fluids—I. Pipe flow

New simplified models and formulations for turbulent flow and convection

“…Yahkot et al (1987) imply that Eq. 34 is applicable for all thermal boundary conditions as well as all flows.…”

Direct numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer in pipe flows: Effect of Prandtl number

“…It was shown that the predicted 0142-727X/$ -see front matter Ó 2007 Elsevier Inc. All temperature distributions are in quite satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Yakhot et al (1987) used an expression for the turbulent Prandtl number (Pr t ) obtained from the renormalization group procedure to describe heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow. They showed that the proposed relation between turbulent viscosity and turbulent diffusivity gives accurate predictions for Nusselt number and temperature distributions in wide ranges of Prandtl and Reynolds numbers (1 < Pr < 10 6 and 2.5 · 10 4 < Re < 2 · 10 5 ).…”

Reduction of Empiricism through Flow Visualization and Computational Fluid Dynamics

“…The convective term on the left-hand side of Eq. (6) was normalized according to Yakhot et al [12]. The heat equation (Eq.6) was normalized as: r + = r/R; u + = u/u s ; T + = T/T*, where, T* = q/C p pu s , and m + = m/u s R.…”