Heat transfer performance and exergy analyses of MgO and ZnO nanofluids using water/ethylene glycol mixture as base fluid

Exergy Analysis of Graphene-Based Nanofluids in a Compact Heat Exchanger

“…As a result, it has been determined that the exergy efficiency of 0.01% GO nanofluid is better and the amount of exergy destruction is less compared to 0.02% GO nanofluid. The calculated values were found to be comparable to previous studies in the literature (Khaleduzzaman et al, 2014;Gamal et al, 2021;Jils and Jesseela, 2021). Considering that the flow structure of nanofluids will cause irreversibilities and entropy generation, the nanoparticles in the fluid will cause a turbulent flow structure, these values are quite remarkable.…”

“…The highest exergy efficiency among all nanofluids and all temperature values for 0.9 m 3 /h flow is 95.19% and 94.93% for water and 0.01% GO at 44 °C, respectively. The calculated exergy efficiency values for 0.01% GO nanofluid were the highest at 6.33% compared to other nanofluids, and water's exergy efficiency was generally between 1% and 2% higher than 0.01% GO compared to water (Gamal et al, 2021). The graphs of comparative exergy destructions for water and all nanofluids are given in Figure 8.…”

“…In addition, increasing the nanoparticle concentration increases the viscosity and friction losses. It has been stated that this situation provides an increase in the second law efficiency (Gamal et al, 2021). Similarly, it has been reported that the increase in flow rate and particle loading increases the heat transfer coefficient, and an improvement in exergy efficiency is observed with the resulting particle migration, molecular level layering of the liquid at liquid particle interface and hydrodynamic effect of Brownian motion of nanoparticles (Khairul et al, 2014;Ahammed et al, 2016) When the increase in exergy loss is examined for the inlet temperature, it is concluded that the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids increases the exergy loss, which is due to the finite temperature difference, and this is the main reason for the exergy loss in the heat exchangers (Dizaji et al, 2017).…”

“…It was concluded that the exergy efficiencies of nanofluids increased with the increase of the fluid flow rates and inlet temperature to the heat exchanger (Bahiraei and Mazaheri, 2021;Khairul et al, 2014;Saleh and Sundar, 2021;Gamal et al, 2021;Sadighi et al, 2016;Ahammed et al, 2016). The increase in the number of Nusselt resulted in an increase in heat transfer and an increase in the exergy efficiency of the nanofluid.…”

Composition, features, problems, and treatment related to cooling fluid – a review

“…Considering early theoretical studies one should mention the following publications: [156] (Al 2 O 3 , CuO/W-EG), [31] (CuO/W), [81] (CuO/EG), [134] [63] (MgO, ZnO/W, EG), [83] (TiO 2 /W), [52] (Al 2 O 3 , CuO/W), [90] (Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, SiO 2 /W), [99] (SiO 2 /W), [114] (Cu/EG), [140] (Al 2 O 3 /EG), [141] (TiO 2 /EG-W (1:3)), [119] (Al 2 O 3 /W), [10] (Al 2 O 3 , CuO/EG). Summarizing those studies one can notice that the efficiency of the HT process is linearly related to the fraction of NPs in the range of volume concentrations from 1 to 6% (depending on the NP type), which gives an increase of HT coefficient by e.g.…”